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A lifetime extended multi-levels heterogeneous routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

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Abstract

IoT, Smart Grid and M2M are paradigms that are expected to dominate in 5G networks and, hence, the role of WSNs is of great importance. In WSNs, horizontal and vertical levels of node heterogeneity has been studied in the past for various operation such as data capturing, processing and communication at different levels of nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). For saving energy consumption of nodes in these networks, many existing proposals in literature have considered 1st to \(k\)th level energy heterogeneity of sensor nodes. But major problem in the existing solutions is that an enhancement of initial energy of network may not guarantee an enhancement of initial energy for higher level nodes in comparison to the lower level nodes. In addition to this, number of nodes in higher level is always less than the number of nodes in lower level. To address these issues, in this paper, we proposed a new lifetime extended multi-levels heterogeneous routing (LE-MHR) protocol for WSNs, which includes \(k\) levels horizontal energy heterogeneity. LE-MHR gives a guarantee for an enhancement of initial energy of network field for higher level, and number of advanced nodes is independent to any level of hierarchy in the network. Performance of the proposed scheme was evaluated by performing extensive simulations with respect to various performance evaluation parameters and results obtained were compared with other pre-existing prominent protocols. Results obtained shows that, by varying the initial energy, and energy heterogeneity parameters, the network lifetime of LE-MHR was improved 53.7, 46.9 and 44.1 % with respect to SEP, MCR and EEMHR protocols respectively.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions and comments that have greatly helped us to improve the content, quality, and presentation of this paper. We also express our gratitude to the Editor In Chief, for his encouragements during the revision of this paper. This work was partially supported by Instituto de Telecomunicações, Next Generation Networks and Applications Group (NetGNA), Covilhã Delegation, by Government of Russian Federation, Grant 074-U01, and by National Funding from the FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through the Pest-OE/EEI/LA0008/2013 Project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, JPIET, Meerut, U.P., India

    Sudhanshu Tyagi

  2. Department of Information Technology, BIT, Meerut, U.P., India

    Sudeep Tanwar

  3. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, IIMT, Meerut, U.P., India

    Sumit Kumar Gupta

  4. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India

    Neeraj Kumar

  5. Instituto de Telecomunicações, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal

    Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues

  6. University ITMO, Saint Petersburg, Russia

    Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues

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  1. Sudhanshu Tyagi
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  2. Sudeep Tanwar
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  3. Sumit Kumar Gupta
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  4. Neeraj Kumar
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  5. Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues
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Correspondence to Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues.

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Tyagi, S., Tanwar, S., Gupta, S.K. et al. A lifetime extended multi-levels heterogeneous routing protocol for wireless sensor networks . Telecommun Syst 59, 43–62 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-014-9884-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-014-9884-5

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