Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of window-constrained execution time systems

  • Published:
Real-Time Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Feasibility tests for hard real-time systems provide information about the schedulability of the task set. However, this information is a yes or a no answer, that is, whether the task set achieves the test or not. From the real-time system design point of view, having more information available would be useful. For example, how much the computation time can vary without jeopardising the system feasibility. This work specifically provides methods to determine off-line how much a task can increase its computation time, by maintaining the system feasibility under a dynamic priority scheduling. The extra time can be determined not only in all the task activations, but in n of a window of m invocations. This is what we call a window-constrained execution time system. The results presented in this work can be used in all kinds of real-time systems: fault tolerance management, imprecise computation, overrun handling, control applications, etc.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Astrom KJ (1987) Adaptive feedback control. Proc IEEE 75(2):185–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Audsley N (1993) Flexible scheduling of hard real-time systems. Ph.D. thesis, Dept. Computer Science, University of York, UK

  • Balbastre P, Ripoll I, Crespo A (2002) Schedulability analysis of window-constrained execution time tasks for real-time control. In: 14th euromicro conference on real-time systems

  • Balbastre P, Ripoll I, Crespo A (2006) Optimal deadline assignment for periodic real-time tasks in dynamic priority systems. In: 18th euromicro conference on real-time systems IEEE Computer Society Press

  • Baruah S, Buttazzo G, Gorinsky S, Lipari G (1999) Scheduling periodic task systems to minimize output jitter. In: sixth conference on real-time computing systems and applications, pp 62–69

  • Baruah S, Mok A, Rosier L (1990) Preemptively scheduling hard real-time sporadic tasks on one processor. In: IEEE real-time systems symposium, pp 182–190

  • Bernat G (1998) Specification and analysis of weakly hard real-time systems. Ph.D. thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Departament de Ciencies Matematiques i Informatica

  • Bresenham JE (1965) Algorithms por computer control of a digital plotter. IBM Syst J 4(1):25–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burns A, Punnekkat S, Littlewood B, Wright D (1997) Probabilistic guarantees for fault-tolerant real-time systems. Technical report, Design for Validation (DeVa) TR No. 44, Esprit Long Term Research Project No. 20072, Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

  • Burns A, Wellings AJ (1995) Engineering a hard real-time system: from theory to practice. Softw—Practice Exp 25(7):705–726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buttazzo G, Lipari G, Abeni L (1998) Elastic task model for adaptive rate control. In: IEEE real-time systems symposium, pp 286–295

  • Cervin A (2005) Analysis of overrun strategies in periodic control tasks. In: Proc. 16th IFAC world congress. Prague, Czech Republic

  • Cervin A, Lincoln B, Eker J, Arzen K, Buttazzo G (2004) The jitter margin and its application in the design of real-time control systems. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on real-time and embedded computing systems and applications

  • Dertouzos M (1974) Control robotics: the procedural control of physical processors. In: IFIP congress, pp 807–813

  • Facchinetti T, Buttazzo G (2003) A real-time system for tracking and catching moving targets. In: 5th IFAC international symposium on intelligent components and instruments for control applications (SICICA 2003), pp 251–256

  • Ghosh S (1996) Guaranteeing fault Tolerance Through Scheduling in Real-Time Systems. Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Univ. of Pittsburgh

  • Hamdaoui M, Ramanathan P (1995) A dynamic priority assignement technique for streams with (m, k)-firm deadlines. IEEE Trans. Comp. 44(12):1443–1451

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Lehoczky J, Sha L, Ding Y (1989) The rate monotonic scheduling algorithm: exact characterization and average case behaviour. In: IEEE real-time systems symposium, pp 166–171

  • Leung J, Merrill R (1980) A note on the preemptive scheduling of periodic, Real-Time tasks. Inf Proc Lett 18:115–118

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Liu C, Layland JW (1973) Scheduling algorithms for multiprogramming in a hard real-time environment. JACM 23:46–68

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Liu JW-S, Lin K-J, Shih WK, shi Yu AC, Chung J-Y, Zhao W (1991) Algorithms for scheduling imprecise computations. IEEE Comp 24(5):58–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Martí P, Fuertes JM, Fohler G (2001) Jitter compensation for real-time control systems. In: IEEE real-time systems symposium

  • Ramanathan P (1997) Graceful degradation in real-time control applications using (m, k)-firm guarantee. In: 27th international symposium on fault-tolerant computing (FTCS ’97)

  • Ripoll I, Crespo A, Mok A (1996) Improvement in feasibility testing for real-time tasks. J Real-Time Syst 11:19–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vestal S (1994) Fixed-priority sensitivity analysis for linear compute time models. IEEE Trans Softw Engi 20(4):308–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • West R, Poellabauer C (2000) Analysis of a window-constrained scheduler for real-time and best-effort packet streams. In: IEEE real-time systems symposium

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, Technical University of Valencia, Camino de Vera, 14, E-46071, Valencia, Spain

    Patricia Balbastre, Ismael Ripoll & Alfons Crespo

Authors
  1. Patricia Balbastre
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ismael Ripoll
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alfons Crespo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patricia Balbastre.

Additional information

Patricia Balbastre is an assistant professor of Computer Engineering. She graduated in Electronic Engineering at the Technical University of Valencia, Spain, in 1998. And the Ph.D. degree in Computer Science at the same university in 2002. Her main research interests include real-time operating systems, dynamic scheduling algorithms and real-time control.

Ismael Ripoll received the B.S. degree from the Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain, in 1992; the Ph.D. degree in Computer Science at the Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain, in 1996. Currently he is Professor in the DISCA Department of the same University. His research interests include embedded and real-time operating systems.

Alfons Crespo is Professor of the Department of Computer Engineering of the Technical University of Valencia. He received the PhD in Computer Science from the Technical University of Valencia, Spain, in 1984. He held the position of Associate professor in 1986 and full Professor in 1991. He leads the group of Industrial Informatics and has been the responsible of several European and Spanish research projects. His main research interest include different aspects of the real-time systems (scheduling, hardware support, scheduling and control integration, …). He has published more than 60 papers in specialised journals and conferences in the area of real-time systems.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Balbastre, P., Ripoll, I. & Crespo, A. Analysis of window-constrained execution time systems. Real-Time Syst 35, 109–134 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-006-9004-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-006-9004-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation