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Mixed-criticality real-time scheduling of gang task systems

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Abstract

Mixed-criticality (MC) scheduling of sequential tasks (with no intra-task parallelism) has been well-explored by the real-time systems community. However, till date, there has been little progress on MC scheduling of parallel tasks. MC scheduling of parallel tasks is highly challenging due to the requirement of various assurances under different criticality levels. In this work, we address the MC scheduling of parallel tasks of gang model that allows workloads to execute on multiple cores simultaneously, as well as the change to degree of parallelism of a task upon a mode switch. It represents an efficient mode-based parallel processing scheme with many potential applications. To schedule such task sets, we propose a new technique GEDF-VD, which integrates Global Earliest Deadline First (GEDF) and Earliest Deadline First with Virtual Deadline (EDF-VD). We prove the correctness of GEDF-VD and provide a detailed quantitative evaluation in terms of speedup bound in both the MC and the non-MC cases. Specifically, we show that GEDF provides a speedup bound of 2 for non-MC gang tasks, while the speedup for GEDF-VD considering MC gang tasks is \(\sqrt{5}+1\). Experiments on randomly generated gang task sets are conducted to validate our theoretical findings and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

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Notes

  1. Note that hi-criticality mode exists for certification purposes. Such both directions of mode switch should be unlikely events during run time. Please also refer to the discussions about apriori verification and run-time robustness in Sect. 1.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the reviewers for their constructive feedback to improve this paper. This work is partially supported by NSF Grant CNS-1850851.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA

    Ashikahmed Bhuiyan & Zhishan Guo

  2. Texas State University, San Marcos, USA

    Kecheng Yang

  3. Microsoft New England Research and Development Center, Cambridge, USA

    Samsil Arefin

  4. Wayne State University, Detroit, USA

    Abusayeed Saifullah

  5. City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong

    Nan Guan

Authors
  1. Ashikahmed Bhuiyan
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  2. Kecheng Yang
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  3. Samsil Arefin
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  4. Abusayeed Saifullah
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  5. Nan Guan
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  6. Zhishan Guo
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Correspondence to Zhishan Guo.

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Bhuiyan, A., Yang, K., Arefin, S. et al. Mixed-criticality real-time scheduling of gang task systems. Real-Time Syst 57, 268–301 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-021-09368-1

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