Abstract
One of the challenging issues in Ad hoc wireless networks is to identify methods that increase their lifetime. Since, the advancements in the battery technologies are negligible compared to those that take place in the field of mobile computing, the demand for discovering alternate methods to improve the battery lifetime has considerably increased. Energy efficient protocols face the trade-off between throughput improvement and energy saving. We, in this paper, arrive at a unique benchmark parameter called Nominal Capacity per Packet Transmission (NCPT) for evaluating the energy efficiency of a protocol. Major contributions of this paper are: (a) a detailed description of the novel distributed homogeneous Battery Aware MAC (BAMAC(k)) and Heterogeneous Battery Aware MAC (HBAMAC) protocols, which take benefit of the chemical properties of the batteries and their characteristics, to provide fair node scheduling and increased network and node lifetime through uniform discharge of the batteries, (b) a discrete-time Markov chain analysis for batteries of the nodes, and (c) a thorough comparative study of our protocols with IEEE 802.11 and DWOP (Distributed Wireless Ordering Protocol) MAC protocols. We found that our protocols outperform IEEE 802.11 and DWOP MAC protocols, in terms of power consumption, fairness, and lifetime of the nodes. Extensive simulations have shown that our protocol extends the battery lifetime consuming 96% and 60% lesser percentage of NCPT compared to the IEEE 802.11 and the DWOP MAC protocols, respectively.
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This work was supported by the Microsoft Research University Relations India.
S. Jayashree earned her B.E. degree in Computer Science and Engineering from the Madurai Kamaraj University in 2001 and M.S. in Computer Science and Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras in 2004. She is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in EECS at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA.
Her research interests include wired and wireless networks, sensor networks and mathematical modelling of systems. She has published many papers in IEEE and ACM conferences. She is a co-recipient of Best-Paper Award from the 11th IEEE Annual International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC).
B. S. Manoj received his Ph.D. degree in Computer Science and Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India, in July 2004. He has worked as a Senior Engineer with Banyan Networks Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India from 1998 to 2000 where his primary responsibility included design and development of protocols for real-time traffic support in data networks. He had been an Infosys doctoral student in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology—Madras, India. He received the Indian Science Congress Association Young Scientist Award in 2003 and the IBM Outstanding Ph.D. Thesis award for the year 2004. He had been a Project Officer at the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India from January 2004 to January 2005. He is co-author of the text book Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols, (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA). He currently is a Post Doctoral Scholar with the Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego. His current research interests include next generation wireless architectures, wireless mesh networks, and cognitive wireless networking.
C. Siva Ram Murthy earned his B.Tech. degree in Electronics and Communications Engineering from Regional Engineering College (now National Institute of Technology), Warangal, India, in 1982, M.Tech. degree in Computer Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, India, in 1984, and Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, in 1988.
He joined the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at IIT Madras as a Lecturer in September 1988, and became an Assistant Professor in August 1989 and an Associate Professor in May 1995. He has been a Professor with the same department since September 2000. He has held visiting positions at the German National Research Centre for Information Technology (GMD), Bonn, Germany, University of Stuttgart, Germany, University of Freiburg, Germany, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Switzerland, and University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
He is the co-author of the textbooks Parallel Computers: Architecture and Programming, (Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, India), New Parallel Algorithms for Direct Solution of Linear Equations, (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA), Resource Management in Real-time Systems and Networks, (MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA), WDM Optical Networks: Concepts, Design, and Algorithms, (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA), and Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols, (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA). His research interests include parallel and distributed computing, real-time systems, lightwave networks, and wireless networks. He has published more than 125 international journal and 100 international conference papers in these areas.
Dr. Murthy is a recipient of Best Ph.D. Thesis Award from the Indian Institute of Science, Indian National Science Academy (INSA) Medal for Young Scientists, and Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Research Award. He is a co-recipient of Best Paper Awards from the 5th IEEE International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Real-Time Systems (WPDRTS), the 6th and 11th IEEE Annual International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC), and the 14th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON). He is a Fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering, an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Computers, and a Subject Area Editor of Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing.
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Jayashree, S., Manoj, B.S. & Siva Ram Murthy, C. Network lifetime driven MAC protocols for ad hoc wireless networks. Wireless Netw 14, 929–947 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-007-0033-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-007-0033-x