Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Proxy-assisted routing for efficient data transmission in mobile ad hoc networks

  • Published:
Wireless Networks Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

While on-demand routing protocols have been optimized to use the aid of proxy nodes by considering the possibility of long-lived partitions due to intermittent connectivity, they do not consider the chances of using a proxy for a long distance between a pair of source and destination. In this paper, we introduce a Proxy-Assisted Routing (PART) for efficient data transmission by selecting a proxy node for every path length that is longer than the predefined value between a source and destination. Whenever route errors occur between a source node and proxy node, or a proxy node and destination node, the proxy node repairs a broken route locally by redirecting a new route to the source or destination node. To reduce routing overhead, we delineate a broadcasting zone, where nodes are only allowed to broadcast request packets within the predefined zone to the proxy. Furthermore, unicast transmission is used for the proxy selection process using IP address information at the MAC layer. When we evaluate the performance metrics through simulations, PART significantly reduces the normalized routing load by almost 55% and the packet losses by almost 30%, and increases throughput almost 70% if compared to the traditional routing protocols.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. The precursor lists of a routing table entry contain the neighbor nodes to which a route reply is generated or forwarded.

References

  1. Perkins, C. E., & Watson, T. J. (1994). Highly dynamic destination sequenced distance vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers. In Proceedings of ACM communications, architectures, protocols and applications (Vol. 24, pp. 234–244).

  2. Perkins, C., & Das., D. (2003). Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV). Request for Comments 3561.

  3. Johnson, D., Hu, Y., & Maltz, D. (2007). The dynamic source routing protocol (DSR) for mobile ad hoc networks for IPv4. Request for comment 4728.

  4. Clausen, T., & Jacquet, P. (2003). Optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR). Request for Comments 3626.

  5. Marina, M. K., & Das, S. R. (2006). Ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 6(7), 969–988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Dimitri, P. G., & Robert, G. G. (1987). Distributed asynchronous bellman-ford algorithm. In Data networks (pp. 325–333).

  7. Royer, E. M., & Perkins., C. E. (1999). Multicast operation of the ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol. In The 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom) (pp. 207–218).

  8. Lee, S. J., Gerla, M., & Chiang, C. C. (1999). On-demand multicast routing protocol. In Wireless communications and networking (pp. 1298–1302).

  9. Ozkasap, O., Genc, Z., & Atsan, E. (2009). Epidemic-based Reliable and Adaptive Multicast for MANETs. Computer Networks, 53, 1409–1430.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Detti, A., & Blefari-Melazzi, N. Overlay (2008). Boruvka-based, ad-hoc multicast protocol: Description and performance analysis In Wireless communications and mobile computing (Vol. 8, pp. 5545–5552).

  11. Hsiu, P. C., & Kuo, T. W. (2009). A maximum-residual multicast protocol for large-scale mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 8, 1454–1468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Chiang, C.-C. (1997). Routing in clustered multihop mobile wireless networks with fading channel. In IEEE SICON (pp. 197–211).

  13. Jiang, M., Li, J., & Tay, Y. C. (1999). Cluster based routing protocol (CBRP) functional specification. http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-manet-cbrp-spec.

  14. Choi, W., & Das, S. K. (2002). A proxy based indirect routing scheme for ad hoc wireless networks In 21st Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (pp. 1395–1404).

  15. Tiwari, A. (2006). proxy-AODV: Extension of AODV for partially connected ad hoc networks. Bombay: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Boice, J., Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. J., & Obraczka, K. (2009). Combining on-demand and opportunistic routing for intermittently connected networks. Journal of Ad Hoc Networks, 7, 201–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. NS-2 new trace format explanation. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/doc/node187.html.

  18. McCanne, S., & Floyd, S. VINT Group, Network Simulator Ns-2. Source code: http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns.

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported in part by UMRG (University of Malaya Research Grant) under grant RG024/09ICT.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    May Zin Oo & Mazliza Othman

Authors
  1. May Zin Oo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mazliza Othman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to May Zin Oo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Oo, M.Z., Othman, M. Proxy-assisted routing for efficient data transmission in mobile ad hoc networks. Wireless Netw 17, 1821–1832 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-011-0380-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-011-0380-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation