Abstract
Access networks consume significant portion of the overall energy consumed by internet. The power consumption growth rate of internet is higher than any other consumer of energy. With the introduction of more and more bandwidth hungry applications, there is a huge pressure to reduce network energy consumption while still growing network capacity and functionality. We propose an energy and delay aware routing algorithm for fiber-wireless (FiWi) networks (EDAR) which not only reduce the energy consumption of the FiWi networks and but also does not degrade the overall delay of the network. We introduce dynamic thresholds for switching nodes into sleep and active mode. Our analyses show a significant reduction in the energy consumption of the FiWi networks while keeping the performance of the network up to an acceptable limit.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baliga, J., Ayre, R., Sorin, W. V., Hinton, K., & Tucker, R. S. (2008). Energy consumption in access networks. In Conference on optical fiber communication/national fiber optic engineers conference, 2008. OFC/NFOEC 2008. (pp. 1–3). IEEE.
Mukherjee, B., & Chowdhury, P. (2009). Green wireless-optical broadband access network (WOBAN). In Asia communications and photonics conference and exhibition. Optical Society of America.
Zeng, Y., Xiang, K., Li, D., & Vasilakos, A. V. (2013). Directional routing and scheduling for green vehicular delay tolerant networks. Wireless Networks, 19(2), 161–173.
Zhang, Y., Chowdhury, P., Tornatore, M., & Mukherjee, B. (2010). Energy efficiency in telecom optical networks. Communications Surveys and Tutorials IEEE, 12(4), 441–458.
Nordman, B. (2009). ICT, networks, and energy: The energy perspective. In Workshop on energy footprint of ICT: Forecast and network solutions. OFC/NFOEC’09.
Jones, C. E., Sivalingam, K. M., Agrawal, P., & Chen, J. C. (2001). A survey of energy efficient network protocols for wireless networks. Wireless Networks, 7(4), 343–358.
Xiang, L., Luo, J., & Vasilakos, A. (2011) Compressed data aggregation for energy efficient wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of 8th IEEE SECON, 2011.
Liu, Y., Xiong, N., Zhao, Y., Vasilakos, A. V., Gao, J., & Jia, Y. (2010). Multi-layer clustering routing algorithm for wireless vehicular sensor networks. IET Communications, 4(7), 810–816.
Gupta, M., & Singh, S. (2003). Greening of the Internet. In Proceedings of the 2003 conference on applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications (pp. 19–26). ACM.
Lange, C., & Gladisch, A. (2009). On the energy consumption of FTTH access networks. In Optical fiber communication conference. Optical Society of America.
Vereecken, W., Deboosere, L., Colle, D., Vermeulen, B., Pickavet, M., Dhoedt, B., et al. (2008). Energy efficiency in telecommunication networks.
Van Heddeghem, W., Vereecken, W., Pickavet, M., & Demeester, P. (2009). Energy in ICT-trends and research directions. In IEEE 3rd international symposium on advanced networks and telecommunication systems (ANTS), 2009 (pp. 1–3). IEEE.
Effenberger, F. J. (2008). Opportunities for power savings in optical access. http://www.itu.int/dms-pub/itu-t/oth/09/05/T09050000010006PDFE.pdf.
Wong, S. W., Valcarenghi, L., Yen, S. H., Campelo, D. R., Yamashita, S., & Kazovsky, L. (2009). Sleep mode for energy saving PONs: advantages and drawbacks. In IEEE GLOBECOM workshops, 2009 (pp. 1–6). IEEE.
Yan, Y., Wong, S. W., Valcarenghi, L., Yen, S. H., Campelo, D. R., Yamashita, S., et al. (2010). Energy management mechanism for ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs). In IEEE international conference on Communications (ICC), 2010 (pp. 1–5). IEEE.
Lee, S., & Chen, A. (2010). Design and analysis of a novel energy efficient ethernet passive optical network. In Ninth international conference on networks (ICN), 2010 (pp. 6–9). IEEE.
Mandin, J. (2008). EPON power saving via sleep mode. In IEEE P802. 3av 10GEPON task force meeting (Vol. 3, pp. 15–33).
Yuanling, H., & Hajduczenia, M. (2008). Adjustable timer value for power saving, Vol. 809. In 3av 10GEPON task force meeting, IEEE P802. www.ieee802.org/3/av/public/2008-09/3av.
Ghazisaidi, N., Maier, M., & Assi, C. (2009). Fiber-wireless (FiWi) access networks: A survey. Communications Magazine IEEE, 47(2), 160–167.
Chowdhury, P., Tornatore, M., Sarkar, S., & Mukherjee, B. (2010). Building a green wireless-optical broadband access network (WOBAN). Journal of Lightwave Technology, 28(16), 2219–2229.
Chilamkurti, N., Zeadally, S., Vasilakos, A., & Sharma, V. (2009). Cross-layer support for energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks. Journal of Sensors, 2009, 9.
Kantarci, B., Khair, M., & Mouftah, H. T. (2010). Power saving clusters for energy-efficient design of fiber-wireless access networks. In High-capacity optical networks and enabling technologies (HONET), 2010 (pp. 73–78). IEEE.
Reaz, A., Ramamurthi, V., Sarkar, S., Ghosal, D., Dixit, S., & Mukherjee, B. (2008). CaDAR: an efficient routing algorithm for wireless-optical broadband access network. In IEEE international conference on communications, 2008. ICC’08 (pp. 5191–5195). IEEE.
Spyropoulos, T., Rais, R. N., Turletti, T., Obraczka, K., & Vasilakos, A. (2010). Routing for disruption tolerant networks: taxonomy and design. Wireless Networks, 16(8), 2349–2370.
Yen, Y. S., Chao, H. C., Chang, R. S., & Vasilakos, A. (2011). Flooding-limited and multi-constrained QoS multicast routing based on the genetic algorithm for MANETs. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 53(11), 2238–2250.
Vasilakos, A., Zhang, Y., & Spyropoulos, T. V. (2012). Delay tolerant networks: Protocols and applications, wireless networks and mobile communications series. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Kleinrock, L. (1976). Queueing systems, volume II: Computer applications (p. 576). New York: Wiley Interscience.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ali, A., Ali, K. & Shaikh, A.A. Energy and delay aware routing algorithm for fiber-wireless networks. Wireless Netw 20, 1313–1320 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-013-0679-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-013-0679-5