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Bit error probability of the M-QAM scheme subject to multilevel (double) gated additive white Gaussian noise and Nakagami-m fading

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Abstract

In this paper, noise models called multilevel gated additive white Gaussian noise (GAWGN) and multilevel double gated additive white Gaussian noise (\(\hbox {G}^{2}\)AWGN) are adopted, corresponding to the sum of a white Gaussian component of variance \(\sigma _{g}^{2}\) and a white Gaussian noise component of variance \(\sigma _{i}^2\) gated by a discrete random process defined in continuous time, C(t), which takes values into a finite discrete set. A channel subject to this noise combined with the Nakagami-m fading can be used to characterize links in several environments subject to noise caused by different sources and with different intensities. In this work, new exact and closed-form expressions are presented for the bit error probability (BEP) of the M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation scheme (M-QAM) subject to Nakagami-m fading and multilevel GAWGN or multilevel \(\hbox {G}^{2}\)AWGN. The BEP curves are presented for different parameters that characterize mathematically the channel, corroborated by simulations performed with the Monte Carlo method.

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Funding

This study was funded in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 and by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal University of Paraíba – UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil

    Hugerles S. Silva

  2. Federal University of Bahia – UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

    Marcelo S. Alencar

  3. Federal University of Campina Grande – UFCG, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil

    Wamberto J. L. Queiroz & Danilo B. T. Almeida

  4. University of Pernambuco – UPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Francisco Madeiro

Authors
  1. Hugerles S. Silva
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  2. Marcelo S. Alencar
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  3. Wamberto J. L. Queiroz
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  4. Danilo B. T. Almeida
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  5. Francisco Madeiro
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Correspondence to Hugerles S. Silva.

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Silva, H.S., Alencar, M.S., Queiroz, W.J.L. et al. Bit error probability of the M-QAM scheme subject to multilevel (double) gated additive white Gaussian noise and Nakagami-m fading. Wireless Netw 25, 4359–4369 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-019-02100-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-019-02100-9

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