Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Moving toward seamless mobility: state of the art and emerging aspects in standardization bodies

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The challenge to provide seamless mobility in the near future emerges as a key topic in various standardization bodies. This includes first of all the support of seamless handover between homogeneous networks. Distinct technologies—such as IEEE 802.11WLANs (Wi-Fi) and IEEE 802.16 MANs WiMAX—have recently augmented such support to existing standards to enable seamless homogeneous handover. Cellular networks, in contrast, already included this inherently from the start. Currently considerable effort goes into coupling of different radio access technologies. Therefore, the second key topic in standardization is seamless heterogeneous handovers. IEEE, IETF, as well as 3GPP consider different approaches toward architectures and protocols enabling seamless mobility management. In this work, we discuss recent and on-going standardization activities within IEEE, IETF, and 3GPP toward seamless homogeneous as well as heterogeneous mobility support.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. 3G-Partnership-Project (2006a). ‘3GPP TR 23.882 V0.10.0 (2006-01): 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; 3GPP System Architecture Evolution: Report on Technical Options and Conclusions (Release 7)’. 3GPP Technical Specification.

  2. 3G-Partnership-Project (2006b). ‘3GPP TR 43.318: 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Generic Access to the A/Gb interface GAN; System description;(Release 7)’. 3GPP Technical Specification.

  3. 3G-Partnership-Project (2006c). ‘3GPP TS 22.278 V1.0.0 (2006-06): 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service requirements for evolution of the 3GPP system (Release 8)’. 3GPP Technical Specification.

  4. 3G-Partnership-Project (2006d). ‘3GPP TS 23.060 V7.0.0 (2006-03): 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Service description; Stage 2 (Release 7)’. 3GPP Technical Specification.

  5. 3G-Partnership-Project (2006e). ‘3GPP TS 23.234 V7.1.0 (2006-03): 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; 3GPP system to Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) interworking; System description (Release 7)’. 3GPP Technical Specification.

  6. Aboba, B., Blunk, L., Vollbrecht, J., Carlson, J., & Levkowetz, H. (2004). Extensible authentication protocol (EAP). IETF, RFC 3748.

  7. Akiyoshi, I., & Liebsch, M. (2005). NETLMM Protocol: draft-akiyoshi-netlmm-protocol-00.txt. IETF draft.

  8. Anantha, V., & Skidmore, R. (2005). Need for site specific/location specific RF management. Working Document 802.11-05/740r0, IEEE 802.11 TGv Network Management.

  9. Cao, Z., Ma, Y., Deng, H., & Li, Q. (2006). Handover Key Hierarchy based on Extended Master Session Key (EMSK) derivation: draft-cao-hoakey-hierarchical-hokey-00.txt. IETF draft.

  10. Choi, J., & Daley, G. (2005). Goals of detecting network attachment in IPv6. IETF, RFC 4135.

  11. Choi, J., Shin, D., & Haddad, W. (2006). Fast Router Discovery with L2 support: draft-ietf-dna-frd-02.txt’. IETF draft.

  12. Dutta, A., Das, S., Chiba, T., Yokota, H., Idoue, A., Wong, K. D., & Schulzrinne, H. (2006). Comparative analysis of network layer and application layer IP mobility protocols for IPv6 networks. In Proceedings of the Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications Conference (WPMC), pp. 6–10.

  13. Emmelmann, M. (2005). Influence of Velocity on the Handover Delay associated with a Radio-Signal -Measurement-based Handover Decision. In Proceedings of IEEE 62nd Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2005. Dallas, TX, USA.

  14. Emmelmann, M., Rathke, B., & Wolisz, A. (2006). Mobile WiMAX: towards broadband Wireless metropolitan area networks, Chapt. Mobility Support for Wireless PAN, LAN, and MAN. Auerbach Publications, CRC. ISBN: 0849326249.

  15. Ernst, T., Montavont, N., Wakikawa, R., Ng, C., & Kuladinithi, K. (2006). Motivations and for Using Multiple Interfaces and Global Addresses: draft-ietf-monami6-multihoming-motivation-scenario-01.txt. IETF draft.

  16. Eronen, P. (2006). IKEv2 mobility and multihoming protocol (MOBIKE). IETF, RFC 4555.

  17. Giaretta, G., Guardini, I., & Demaria, E. (2005). Network-based localized mobility management (NETLMM) with distributed anchor routers: draft-giaretta-netlmm-protocol-00.txt’. IETF draft.

  18. Gundavelli, S., & Leung, K. (2005). Localized Mobility Management using Proxy Mobile IPv6: draft-gundavelli-netlmm-mip6-proxy-00.txt’. IETF draft.

  19. Gundavelli, S., Leung, K., & Devarapalli, V. (2006). Proxy Mobile IPv6: draft-sgundave-mipv6-proxymipv6-00. IETF draft.

  20. Henderson, T. (2006). ‘End-Host Mobility and Multihoming with the Host Identity Protocol’. IETF, draft.

  21. IEEE 802.11F (2003). ‘IEEE 802.11F—Trial-Use Recommended Practice for Multi-Vendor Access Point Interoperability via an Inter-Access Point Protocol Across Distribution Systems Supporting IEEE 802.11’.

  22. IEEE 802.11k (2006). ‘IEEE 802.11k/D4.0—Radio Resource Measurement, Amendment 9 to 802.11-REVma-D5.2’.

  23. IEEE 802.11r (2006). ‘IEEE 802.11r—Fast BSS Transition, Amendment 2 to 802.11-REVma’.

  24. IEEE 802.16 (2006). IEEE 802.16—Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment 2: Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands’. IEEE Std. 802.16e-2005 and 802.16-2004/Cor1-2005.

  25. IEEE 802.21 (2006). IEEE 802.21/D1.0—Draft IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Media Independent Handover Services’. IEEE.

  26. ITU-T (2004). ‘ITU-T Q Supplement 52: NNI mobility management requirements for systems beyond IMT-2000’.

  27. Johnson, D., Perkins, C., & Arkko, J. (2004). Mobility support in IPv6. IETF, RFC 3775.

  28. Jung, H., Soliman, H., & Koh, S. (2005). Fast handover for hierarchical MIPv6 (F-HMIPv6). IETF, draft.

  29. Kaufman, C. (2005). Internet key exchange (IKEv2) protocol IETF, RFC 4306.

  30. Kempf, J. (2001). Dormant mode host alerting (IP Paging) problem statement. IETF, RFC 3132.

  31. Kempf, J. (2005). Instructions for seamoby and experimental mobility protocol IANA allocations. IETF, RFC 4065.

  32. Kempf, J., Castelluccia, C., Mutaf, P., Nakajima, N., Ohba, Y., Ramjee, R., Saifullah, Y., Sarikaya, B., & Xu, X. (2001). Dormant mode host alerting (“P Paging”) problem statement. IETF, RFC 3154.

  33. Kempf, J., Leung, K., Roberts, P., Nishida, K., Giaretta, G., & Liebsch, M. (2006). ‘Problem Statement for IP Local Mobility: draft-kempf-netlmm-nohost-ps-05.txt’. IETF draft.

  34. Kivinen, T., & Tschofening, H. (2006). Design of the IKEv2 mobility and multihoming (MOBIKE) protocol. IETF, RFC 4621.

  35. Koodli, R. (2005). Fast handovers for mobile IPv6. IETF, RFC 4068.

  36. Kuntz, R., Tsukada, M., Paik, E., Ernst, T., & Mitsuya, K. (2005). Evaluating Multiple Mobile Routers and Multiple NEMO-Prefixes in NEMO Basic Support: draft-kuntz-nemo-multihoming-test-02.txt’. IETF draft.

  37. Leung, K., Dommety, G., Yegani, P., & Chowdhury, K. (2006). ‘Mobility Management using Proxy Mobile IPv4: draft-leung-mip4-proxy-mode-01.txt’. IETF draft.

  38. Liebsch, M., Singh, A., Chaskar, H., Funato, D., & Shim, E. (2005). Candidate access router discovery (CARD). IETF, RFC 4066.

  39. Loughney, J., Nakhjiri, M., Perkins, C., & Koodli, R. (2005). Context transfer protocol (CXTP). IETF, RFC 4067.

  40. Mohanty S., Akyildiz I. (2006) A cross-layer (layer 2 + 3) handoff management protocol for next-generation wireless systems. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 5(10): 1347–1347

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Montavont, N., Wakikawa, R., Erns, T., Ng, C., & Kuladinithi, K. (2006). ‘Analysis of Multihoming in Mobile IPv6: draft-ietf-monami6-mipv6-analysis-01.txt’. IETF draft.

  42. Moskowitz, R., Nikander, P., Jokela, P., & Henderson, T. (2006). Host identity protocol. IETF, draft.

  43. Nakhjiri, M. (2006). A Keying hierarchy for managing Wireless Handover security: draft-nakhjiri-hokey-hierarchy-02’. IETF draft.

  44. Nakhjiri, M., Parthasarathy, M., Bournelle, J., Tschofening, H., & Lopez, R. M. (2006). ‘AAA based Keying for Wireless Handovers: Problem Statement: draft-nakhjiri-aaa-hokey-ps-03’. IETF draft.

  45. Narayanan, S. (2006). ‘Detecting Network Attachment in IPv6 Networks (DNAv6): draft-ietf-dna-protocol-03.txt’. IETF draft.

  46. Parthasarathy, M., Patil, B., & Koodli, R. (2005). Network-based fast handovers for local mobility (NFLM). IETF draft.

  47. Prasad, A. R. (2006). The future re-visited. International Journal on Wireless Personal Communications, 37.

  48. Premec, D., & Damic, D. (2006). ‘Mobility Management for IPv6 Hosts using Proxy Mobile IPv4: draft-premec-mip4-ip6-proxy-mip4-00.txt’. IETF draft.

  49. Qi, E., Bangolae, S., Sood, K., & Walker, J. (2006a). BSS transition optimizations and analysis in WLAN. In Proceedings of the Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications Conference (WPMC). pp. 11–15.

  50. Qi, E. H., Walker, J., Rudolf, M., Kwak, J., & Epstein, J. (2006b). Proposal for load balancing. Working Document 802.11-05/1065r2, IEEE 802.11 TGv Network Management.

  51. Rakikawa, R., Ernst, T., & Nagami, K. (2006). ‘Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration: draft-ietf-monami6-multiplecoa-01.txt’. IETF draft.

  52. Raman, V., Bedekar, A., Ingh, A., & Kalyanasundaram, S. (2006). ‘A Protocol for Network-based Localized Mobility Management: draft-raman-netlmm- protocol-00.txt’. IETF draft.

  53. Soliman, H., Castelluccia, C., Malki, K. E., & Bellier, L. (2005). Hierarchical mobile IPv6 mobility management (HMIPv6). IETF, RFC 4140.

  54. Spilman, J. (2004). ‘Test methodology for measuring BSS transition time. Working Document 802.11-04/0748r1, IEEE 802.11 TGr Fast Base Station Transition.

  55. Stewart, R., Xie, Q., Morneault, K., Sharp, C., Schwarzbauer, H., Taylor, T., Rytina, I., Kalla, M., Zhang, L., & Paxson, V. (2000). Stream control transmission protocol. IETF Standards Track, RFC 2960.

  56. Stewart, R., Xie, Q., Tuexen, M., Maruyama, S., & Kozuka, M. (2006). ‘Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Dynamic Address Reconfiguration’. IETF, draft.

  57. Velayos, H., & Karlsson, G. (2003). Techiques to reduce IEEE 802.11b MAC layer handoff time. Technical report, Royal Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Communication Networks Department of Microelectronics and Information Technology Stockholm Sweeden.

  58. Wang, B., Li, F., & Li, J. (2005). Solve frequent handover requirement. Working Document 802.11-05/1071r3, IEEE 802.11 TGv Network Management.

  59. Wang, B., Li, F., Li, J., & Weong, T. (2006a). Frequent handover. Working Document 802.11-06/1280r2, IEEE 802.11 TGv Network Management.

  60. Wang, H., Zhang, Y., & Xia, Y. (2006b). ‘NETLMM Protocol: draft-wanghui-netlmm-protocol-00.txt’. IETF draft.

  61. Wood, J., & Nishida, K. (2005). ‘Edge Mobility Protocol (EMP): draft-wood-netlmm-emp-base-00.txt’. IETF draft.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Telecommunication Networks Group (TKN), Technical University of Berlin, Sekr. FT 5, Einsteinufer 25, 10587, Berlin, Germany

    Marc Emmelmann, Sven Wiethoelter, Andreas Koepsel & Adam Wolisz

  2. Siemens Networks, Siemensdamm 62, 13623, Berlin, Germany

    Cornelia Kappler

Authors
  1. Marc Emmelmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sven Wiethoelter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Andreas Koepsel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Cornelia Kappler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Adam Wolisz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marc Emmelmann.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Emmelmann, M., Wiethoelter, S., Koepsel, A. et al. Moving toward seamless mobility: state of the art and emerging aspects in standardization bodies. Wireless Pers Commun 43, 803–816 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-007-9255-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-007-9255-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation