Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

CLEAR: A Cross-Layer Enhanced and Adaptive Routing Framework for Wireless Mesh Networks

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) provide a new and promising solution for broadband Internet services. The distinguishing features and the wide range of WMNs’ applications have attracted both academic and industrial communities. Routing protocols play a crucial role in the functionality and the performance of WMNs due to their direct effect on network throughput, connectivity, supported Quality of Service (QoS) levels, etc. In this paper, a cross-layer based routing framework for multi-interface/multi-channel WMNs, called Cross-Layer Enhanced and Adaptive Routing (CLEAR), is proposed. This framework embodies optimal as well as heuristic solutions. The major component of CLEAR is a new bio-inspired routing protocol called Birds’ Migration Routing protocol (BMR). BMR adopts a newly developed routing metric called Multi-Level Routing metric (MLR) to efficiently utilize the advantages of both multi-radio/multi-channel WMNs and cross-layer design. We also provide an exact solution based on dynamic programming to solve the optimal routing problem in WMNs. Simulation results show that our framework outperforms other routing schemes in terms of network throughput, end-to-end delay, and interference reduction, in addition to being the closest one to the optimal solution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Akyildiz I. F., Wang X. (2008) Cross-layer design in wireless mesh networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 57(2): 1061–1076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Akyildiz I. F., Wang X., Wang W. (2005) Wireless mesh networks: A survey. Computer Networks 47(4): 445–487

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Al-Karaki, J., Al-Mashaqbeh, G., & Bataineh S. Routing protocols in wireless mesh networks: A survey. Submitted for publication.

  4. Bruno R., Conti M., Gregori E. (2005) Mesh networks: Commodity multihop ad hoc networks. IEEE Communications Magazine 43: 123–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Camp, T., Boleng, J., & Davies, V. (2002). A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research. Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing (WCMC): Special issue on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking: Research, Trends and Applications, 2(5), 483502.

  6. De Couto, D., Aguayo, D., Bicket, J., & Morris, R. (2003). A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing. In Proceedings of ACM Mobicom.

  7. Di Caro, G., Ducatelle, F., & Gambardella, L. (October, 2005). AntHocNet: An adaptive nature-inspired algorithm for routing in mobile ad hoc networks. European Transactions on Telecommunications, Special Issue on Self-organization in Mobile Networking, 16(5).

  8. Draves, R., Padhye, J., & Zill, B. (2004). Routing in multi-radio, multi-hop wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of ACM Mobicom.

  9. Heiskala, J., & Terry, J. (2002). FDM wireless LANs: A theoretical and practical guide, SAMS Publishing.

  10. Iannone, L., & Fdida, S. (2005). Meshdv: A distance vector mobility-tolerant routing protocol for wireless mesh networks. IEEE ICPS Workshop on Multi-hop Ad hoc Networks: From theory to reality (REALMAN), Greece.

  11. Iannone, L., & Fdida, S. (2005). MRS: A simple cross-layer heuristic to improve throughput capacity in wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of CoNEXT 2005 conference, Toulouse (France).

  12. Jun, J., & Sichitiu, M. L. (August, 2006). MRP: Wireless mesh networks routing protocol. CACC TR-06/02, Center for Advanced Computing and Communications.

  13. Liu, T., & Liao, W. (2006). Capacity-aware routing in multi-channel multi-rate wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of IEEE ICC ’06, Istanbul, Turkey June.

  14. Perkins, C., Royer, E., & Das, S. (2003). Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing. IETF RFC 3561.

  15. Ramachandran, K., et al. (September, 2005). On the design and implementation of infrastructure mesh networks. In Proceedings of IEEE WIMESH’05.

  16. Raniwala A., Gopalan K., Chiueh T. (2004) Centralized channel assignment and routing algorithms for multi-channel wireless mesh networks. ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Review (MC2R) 8(2): 50–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Srinivasan, T., et al. (November, 2006). BFBR: A novel bird flocking behavior based routing for highly mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of IEEE CIMCA-IWATIC’06.

  18. Tang, J., Xue, G., & Zhang, W. (May, 2005). Interference-aware topology control and QoS routing in multi-channel wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on mobile ad hoc networking and computing.

  19. Viswanathan H., Mukherjee S. (2006) Throughput-range tradeoff of wireless mesh backhaul networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 24(3): 593–602

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Xie, B., Yu, Y., Kumar, A., & Agrawal D. (2006). Load balancing and inter-domain mobility for wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of IEEE GLOBECOM.

  21. Xu S., Li L., Wang S. (2000) Dynamic routing and assignment of wavelength algorithms in multifiber wavelength division multiplexing networks. IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications 18(10): 2130–2137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Yang, Y., Wang, J., & Kravets, R. (2005). Interference-aware load balancing for multihop wireless networks. Tech. Rep. UIUCDCS-R-2005-2526, Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan

    Ghada A. Al-Mashaqbeh & Jamal N. Al-Karaki

  2. Department of Computer Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan

    Sameer M. Bataineh

Authors
  1. Ghada A. Al-Mashaqbeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jamal N. Al-Karaki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sameer M. Bataineh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ghada A. Al-Mashaqbeh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Al-Mashaqbeh, G.A., Al-Karaki, J.N. & Bataineh, S.M. CLEAR: A Cross-Layer Enhanced and Adaptive Routing Framework for Wireless Mesh Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 51, 449–482 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-009-9758-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-009-9758-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation