Abstract
End to end performance of web application degrades seriously in mobile networks because the inefficiencies of HTTP and TCP in lossy and asymmetrical environment. In this article, we discussed common architecture of web accelerator which embraces both HTTP and TCP optimization. Based on the feasibility analyses of various acceleration technologies in asymmetrical mobile network, the components of accelerator and their functions are provided. In order to explain how to choose function entities of accelerator and how to optimize their parameters in asymmetrical environment, we carried out three simulation based analyses. Firstly we characterize the correlations between user perceived web response time and asymmetrical link characteristics. Consequently, we show how HTTP compression strongly affects the web response time when uplink resources are limited. At the same time, our study demonstrated that caching scheme performs poorly when uplink quality degraded. In addition, possible potential methods for web response time and their design criteria are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
King, A. B. (2003). Speed up your site: Web site optimization, New Riders, p. 410–412.
Jian Song, Y. Z. (2007). Architecture of a web accelerator for wireless networks. In The thirtieth Australasian computer science conference, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia.
Adeel, M. (2007). TCP congestion window optimization for CDMA2000 packet data networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology, IEEE Computer Society.
Balakrishnan H. (1997) A comparison of mechanisms for improving TCP performance over wireless links. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) archive 5: 756–769
Ludwig R. (2000) The Eifel algorithm: Making TCP robust against spurious retransmissions. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 30(1): 30–36
Kelly T. (2003) Scalable TCP: Improving performance in highspeed wide area networks. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 33(2): 83–91
Xu L. (2004) Binary increase congestion control for fast, long distance networks. INFOCOM 4: 2514–2524
Balakrishnan, H., et al. (1995). Improving TCP/IP performance over wireless networks. In International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. Berkeley, California, United States: ACM.
Lin, H. (2005). Performance study of link layer and MAC layer protocols to support TCP in 3G CDMA systems. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 4(5).
Gene Cheung, T. S. (2006). Michael Sweeney. Performance enhancing proxy for interactive 3G network gaming. In International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Goff, T. (2000). Freeze-TCP: A true end-to-end TCP enhancement mechanism for mobile environments. In INFOCOM.
Bakre, A. (1995). I-TCP: Indirect TCP for mobile hosts. In Proceedings of International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, Vancouver, Canada.
Kevin Brown S. S. (1997) M-TCP: TCP for mobile cellular networks. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 27(5): 19–43
Landström, S. (2007). Reducing the TCP acknowledgment frequency. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 37(3).
Xiaohui, C., Weidong, W., & Guo, W. (2009). A measurement based uplink packet latency analysis in GPRS network. In ICCSN 2009, Macau, China.
Svoboda, P., et al. (2007). Measured WEB performance in GPRS, EDGE, UMTS and HSDPA with and without caching. In WoWMoM2007, Helsinki, Finland.
Abiona, O. O., Anjali, T., Onime, C. E., Kehinde, L. O. (2008). Proxy server experiment and the changing nature of the web. In EIT.
Baccelli, F. O., Carofiglio, G., & Foss, S. (2008). Proxy caching in split TCP: Dynamics, stability and tail asymptotics. In IEEE INFOCOM.
Mah, B. A. (1997). An empirical model of HTTP network traffic. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Kobe.
Limb, H. K. C. J. O. (1999). A behavioral model of web traffic. In Proceedings of International Conference of Networking Protocol.
(2005) 3GPP2, TSG-C C.R1002-0 v1.0 cdma2000 evaluation methodology.
Fei G., Liansheng T., Zukerman M. (2008) Throughput of FAST TCP in asymmetric networks. Communications Letters, IEEE 12(2): 158–160
Chan M. C., Ramjee R. (2008) Improving TCP/IP performance over third-generation wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 7(4): 430–443
Juliana Freitag, N. L. S. D. F. (2007). Uplink scheduling with quality of service in IEEE 802.16 networks. In GLOBECOM.
Kang, Y. J., et al. (2007). Hybrid scheduling algorithm for guaranteeing QoS of real-time traffic in HSUPA. In PIRMC.
Funasaka, J., & Takemoto, Y. (2007). Parallel downloading method using HTTP over UDP for high loss rate and delay networks. In ISADS.
Zhigang, L., et al. (2005). HTTP compression techniques. In WCNC.
Christine Burns, D. N. (2006). Vendors choose to tout disparate application-acceleration techniques. In Network World.
Datta A. (2004) Proxy-based acceleration of dynamically generated content on the world wide web: An approach and implementation. ACM Transactions on Database Systems 29(2): 403–443
Hadjiefthymiades, S. (2001). Using proxy cache relocation to accelerate web browsing in wireless/mobile communications. In Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web, Hong Kong: ACM.
Wang J. (1999) A survey of web caching schemes for the internet. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 29(5): 36–46
Khalil, I. G. P. (2007). Efficient proxy selection in cooperative web caching. In 15th IEEE International Conference on Networks. Hyatt Regency Hotel, Adelaide, South Australia. p. 376–381
(2008). 3GPP, Direct tunnel deployment guideline. TR 23.919 V8.0.0.
Jin, C., Cleveland, W. S., Yuan, G., Jeffay, K., Smith, F. D., & Weigle, M. (2004). Stochastic models for generating synthetic HTTP source traffic. In INFOCOM.
The_VINT_Project, ns Manual. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/doc/ns_doc.pdf.
ChinaUnicom. (2009). HSPA Performance Testing, Site Testing Report, Part 4.
Xiaohui, C., Weidong, W., & Guo, W. (2009). Performance of web caching in high density mobile networks. In ICIS’09, ShangHai, China.
Zhang, J. (2008). TCP quick-adjust by utilizing explicit link characteristic information. In 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications.
Daniel, L. (2007). Using cross-layer information to improve TCP performance with vertical handoffs. In AccessNets ‘07.
The Tor Project, I. (2008). Tor: Anonymity online. Mar 30, 2008 [cited 2008. Available from: http://www.torproject.org/overview.html.en.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, X., Wang, W. & Wei, G. Web Acceleration in Asymmetrical Mobile Network. Wireless Pers Commun 58, 281–313 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-009-9892-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-009-9892-z