Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Load-balanced Multicast Tree Routing in Multi Channel Multi Radio Wireless Mesh Networks Using a New Cost Function

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is new emerging technology that offers low-cost high-bandwidth community wireless services. This type of network requires carefully assignment of resources and load balancing in order to provide the quality guarantees to traffic flows. Load balancing avoids the creation of bottleneck nodes, and increases the network efficiency. This paper addresses the problem of multicast load balancing in Multi-Channel Multi-Radio WMNs (MCMR-WMNs). In this regard, we introduce a novel load-aware dynamic cost function to weight the links of the network. Proposed cost function considers both the benefits of Wireless Broadcast Advantage (WBA) as well as the problem of load balancing. Also, we propose a Load-balanced Multicast Tree Routing (LMTR) algorithm which provides balanced multicast trees using the defined cost function. The proposed on-demand routing scheme not only minimizes the number of transmissions, but also tries to distribute the traffic among the nodes fairly and consequently decreases the interference in the network. We also demonstrate how proposed scheme can control the trade-off between load balancing and delay. Our extensive simulations in various networks with grid and random topologies show the efficiency of LMTR in load balancing. As you will see, LMTR significantly avoids the creation of bottleneck nodes and reduces the standard deviation of traffic load on mesh routers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Akyildiz I. F., Wang X., Wang W. (2005) Wireless mesh networks: A survey. Computer Networks Journal 47(4): 445–487

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Akyildiz, I. F., & Wang, X. (2009). Wireless mesh networks. Wiley, ISBN: 978-0470-03256-5.

  3. Wang X., Lim A. O. (2008) IEEE 802.11s wireless mesh networks framework and challenges. Ad Hoc Networks 6(6): 970–984

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Raniwala, A., & Chiueh, T. C. (2005). Architecture and algorithms for an IEEE 802.11-based multi-channel wireless mesh network. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM (pp. 2223–2234).

  5. Raniwala A., Gopalan K., Chiueh T. (2004) Centralized channel assignment and routing algorithms for multi-channel wireless mesh networks. ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Review 8(2): 50–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Nguyen U. T. (2008) On multicast routing in wireless mesh networks. Computer Communications 31(7): 1385–1399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Chiu, H. S., Yeung, K. L., & Lui, K. (2008). Maximizing broadcast load in multi-channel multi-interface wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of GLOBECOM (pp. 533–537).

  8. Chiu H. S., Yeung K. L. (2010) Maximizing multicast call acceptance rate in multi-channel multi-interface wireless mesh networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 9(8): 2622–2631

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. De Couto, D. S. J., Aguayo, D., Bicket, J. C., & Morris, R. (2003). A high-throughput path metric for multi-Hop wireless routing. In Proceedings of ACM MOBICOM (pp. 134–146).

  10. Mirjalily G., Karimi H., Rajaee S. (2011) Load balancing in metro ethernet networks by selecting the best spanning tree. Journal of Information Science and Engineering 27(5): 1747–1759

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Faghani F., Mirjalily G. (2011) Shortcut switching strategy in metro ethernet networks. Journal of Computer Communication 34(8): 1022–1032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Nguyen, H. L., & Nguyen, U. T. (2009). Bandwidth efficient multicast routing in multi-channel multi-radio wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of ICUMT (pp. 1–8).

  13. Liu T., Liao W. (2010) Multicast routing in multi-Radio multi-Channel wireless mesh networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 9(10): 3031–3039

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Liang W. (2006) Approximate minimum-energy multicasting in wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 5(4): 377–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Wei W., Zakhor A. (2007) Multiple tree video multicast over wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 17(1): 2–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Sohrabi K. D., Minoli D., Znati T. (2007) Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology, Protocols, and Application. Wiley- Interscience.

  17. Avokh, A., & Mirjalily, G. (2010). Dynamic balanced spanning tree (DBST) for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of international symposium on telecommunication (IST)(pp. 391–396).

  18. Upadhyayula S., Gupta S. K. S. (2007) Spanning tree based algorithms for low latency and energy efficient data aggregation enhanced convergecast (DAC) in wireless sensor networks. Elsevier Ad Hoc Networks 5(5): 626–648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Borges, V. C. M., Pereira, D., Curado, M., & Monteiro, E. (2009). Routing metric for interference and channel diversity in multi-radio wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of ADHOC-NOW (LNCS 5793) (pp. 55–68).

  20. Liu T., Liao W. (2008) On routing in multi-channel wireless mesh networks: Challenges and solutions. IEEE Network 22(1): 13–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Alicherry, M., Bhatia, R., & Li, L. (2005). Joint channel assignment and routing for throughput optimization in multi-radio wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of ACM SIGMOBILE’05(pp. 58–72).

  22. Nguyen U. T., Xu J. (2007) Multicast routing in wireless mesh networks: Minimum cost trees or shortest path trees?. IEEE Communication Magazine, 45(11): 72–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zeng, G., Wang, B., Ding, Y., Xiao, L., & Mutka, M. (2007). Multicast algorithms for multi-channel wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of IEEE ICNP (pp. 1–10).

  24. Chou, C. T., Liu, B. H., & Misra, A. (2007). Maximizing broadcast and multicast traffic load through link-rate diversity in wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of IEEE world of wireless mobile and multimedia networks (pp. 1–12).

  25. Qadir, J., Chou, C. T., Misra, A., & Lim, J. G. (2008). Localized minimum latency broadcasting in multi-radio multi-rate wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of IEEE world of wireless mobile and multimedia networks (pp. 1–12).

  26. Han, K., Li, Y., Guo, Q., & Xiao, M. (2008). NET 06- 4- broadcast routing and channel selection in multi-radio wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of IEEE wireless communications and networking conference (pp. 2188–2193).

  27. Song, M., Wang, J., & Hao, Q. (2007). Broadcasting protocols for multi-radio multi-channel and multi-rate mesh networks. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications(pp. 3604– 3609).

  28. Li, L., Qin, B., & Zhang, C. (2007). Efficient broadcasting in multi-radio multi-channel and multi-hop wireless networks based on self pruning. In Proceedings of international conference on high performance computing and communications (pp. 484–495).

  29. Kodialam, M., & Nandagopal, T. (2004). The effect of interference on the capacity of multi-hop wireless networks. In IEEE symposium on information theory.

  30. Dijkstra E. W. (1959) A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerical Mathematics 1: 269–271

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. The network simulator ns2. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

    Avid Avokh & Ghasem Mirjalily

Authors
  1. Avid Avokh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ghasem Mirjalily
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Avid Avokh.

Additional information

This work is partially supported by Iranian Telecommunication Research Center (ITRC).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Avokh, A., Mirjalily, G. Load-balanced Multicast Tree Routing in Multi Channel Multi Radio Wireless Mesh Networks Using a New Cost Function. Wireless Pers Commun 69, 75–106 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0561-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0561-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation