Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of Combined Effects of Multipath and CW Interference on Coherent Delay Lock Loop

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Multipath and continuous wave (CW) interference can cause severe performance degradation of global navigation satellite system receivers. Therefore, effects of multipath or CW interference have been analyzed separately in many papers. However, when multipath and interference exist at the same time, it hasn’t been discussed whether their effects on code tracking performance are independent, and the combined effects of multipath and CW interference haven’t been analyzed. This paper analyzes the combined effects of multipath and CW interference on the code tracking performance of coherent delay lock loop (DLL). An analytical expression of code tracking error envelope is suggested for coherent DLL and can be used to assess combined effects of multipath and CW interference. This analytical expression shows that multipath may change the slope of discrimination function, which causes the problem that effects of multipath and CW interference aren’t independent. Therefore, multipath effects on the slope of discrimination function are discussed in this paper. It is shown that smaller correlator spacing can decrease the multipath effect on the slope of discrimination function. However, when the finite bandwidth is taken into account, the smaller correlator spacing can’t suppress the multipath effect on the slope of discrimination function effectively. The combined effects of multipath and CW interference depend on many factors. The GPS C/A signal is taken as an example of the application of the derived expression to discuss how these factors affect the code tracking performance, and simulation validation shows the availability of theoretical results.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Misra, P., & Enge, P. (2006). Global positioning system, signals, measurements and performance (2nd ed.). Lincoln, MA: Ganga Jumuna Press.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Balaei, A. T., & Dempster, A. G. (2009). A statistical inference technique for GPS interference detection. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 45(4), 1499–1511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kaplan, E. D., & Hegarty, C. J. (2006). Understanding GPS: Principles and applications (2nd ed.). Norwood, MA: Artech House.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Steinga\(\beta \), A., & Lehner, A. (2003). Land mobile satellite navigation-characteristics of the multipath channel. In ION GPS/GNSS 2003 (pp. 1016–1022).

  5. Steinga\(\beta \), A., & Lehner, A. (2004). Measuring the navigation multipath Channel-A statistical analysis. In ION GNSS 2004 (pp. 1157–1164).

  6. Steinga\(\beta \), A., Lehner, A., & Schubert, F. (2009). A location and movement dependent GNSS multipath error model for pedestrian applications. In ION GNSS 2009 (pp. 2284–2296).

  7. Irsigler, M., Avila-Rodriguez, J. A., & Hein, G. (2005). Criteria for GNSS multipath performance assessment. In ION GNSS 2005 (pp. 2166–2177).

  8. Borio, D. (2010). GNSS acquisition in the presence of continuous wave interference. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 46(1), 47–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Betz, J. W. (2000). Effect of narrowband interference on GPS code tracking accuracy. In ION NTM 2000 (pp. 16–27).

  10. Balaei, A. T., Dempster, A. G., & Presti, L. L. (2009). Characterization of the effects of CW and pulse CW interference on the GPS signal quality. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 45(4), 1418–1431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Betz, J. W. (2001). Effect of partial-band interference on receiver estimation of C/N0: theory. In ION NTM 2001 (pp. 817–828).

  12. Jang, J., Paonni, M., & Eissfeller, B. (2012). CW Interference effects on tracking performance of GNSS receivers. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 48(1), 243–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Liu, Y., Ran, Y., Ke, T., & Hu, X. (2011). Code tracking performance analysis of GNSS signal in the presence of CW interference. Signal Processing, 91(4), 970–987.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Motella, B., Savasta, S., Margaria, D., & Dovis, F. (2011). Method for assessing the interference impact on GNSS receivers. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 47(2), 1416–1431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Rouabah, K., Chikouche, D., & Bouttout, F. (2011). GPS/Galileo multipath mitigation using the first side peak of double delta correlator. Wireless Personal Communications, 60(2), 321–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Arribas, J., & Carles, F. (2013). Antenna array based GNSS signal acquisition for interference mitigation. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 49(1), 223–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Yang, Y., Hatch, R. R., & Sharpe, R. T. (2004). GPS Multipath mitigation in measurement domain and its applications for high accuracy navigation. In ION GNSS 2004 (pp. 1124–1130).

  18. Betz, J. W., & Kolodziejski, K. R. (2009). Generalized theory of code tracking with an early-late discriminator part I: Lower bound and coherent processing. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 45(4), 1538–1550.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Betz, J. W., & Kolodziejski, K. R. (2009). Generalized theory of code tracking with an early-late discriminator part II: Noncoherent processing and numerical results. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 45(4), 1551–1564.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Bo Qu, Jiaolong Wei, Zuping Tang, Tao Yan & Zhihui Zhou

Authors
  1. Bo Qu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jiaolong Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zuping Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tao Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhihui Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jiaolong Wei.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Qu, B., Wei, J., Tang, Z. et al. Analysis of Combined Effects of Multipath and CW Interference on Coherent Delay Lock Loop. Wireless Pers Commun 77, 2213–2233 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-1634-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-1634-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation