Abstract
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks have gained high popularity for their interesting applications. However, routing in mobile networks is a challenging task and requires specialized routing protocols, which are designed to address mobile environment factors, such as inconsistent connectivity, high mobility, and communication obstacles. In this paper, we present a qualitative comparative study of well-known position based routing protocols for highway and city environment. Moreover, we investigate impact of different forwarding strategies on the behavior of routing protocols using extensive simulations and detailed analysis. The results show that greedy forwarding and improved greedy forwarding outperform directional and predictive forwarding strategies. It is also observed that dynamic junction selection is more suitable for routing in city environment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abid, S. A., Shah, N., Othman, M., Sabir, O., Khan, A. R., Ali, M., et al. (2015). Merging of DHT-based logical networks in MANETs. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 26(12), 1347–1367.
Abid, S. A., Othman, M., Shah, N., Ali, M., & Khan, A. R. (2014). 3D-RP: A DHT-based routing protocol for MANETs. The Computer Journal. doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxu004.
Bilal, S., Khan, A. R., Khan, S., Madani, S., Nazir, B., & Othman, M. (2014). Road oriented traffic information system for vehicular ad hoc networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 77(4), 2497–2515.
Guerrero-Ibáñez, J. A., Flores-Cortés, C., & Zeadally, S. (2013). Vehicular Ad hoc networks (VANETs): Architecture, protocols and applications. In N. Chilamkurti, S. Zeadally, & H. Chaouchi (Eds.), Next-generation wireless technologies (pp. 49–70). London: Springer.
Gozalvez, J., Sepulcre, M., & Bauza, R. (2012). IEEE, 802.11p vehicle to infrastructure communications in urban environments. IEEE Communications Magazine, 50(5), 176–183.
Kenney, J. B. (2011). Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) standards in the United States. Proceedings of the IEEE, 99(7), 1162–1182.
Sahingoz, O. (2014). Networking models in flying Ad-Hoc networks (FANETs): Concepts and challenges. Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 74(1–2), 513–527.
Romoozi, M., Fathy, M., & Berangi, R. (2014). Performance analysis and improvement content discovery protocols over vehicular networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 75(2), 857–899.
Ahmadifard, N., Nabizadeh, H., & Abbaspour, M. (2014). ISEFF: An ID-based scalable and efficient distributed file sharing technique in vehicular Ad Hoc networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 75(2), 821–841.
Shelly, S., & Babu, A. V. (2014). Analysis of link life time in vehicular Ad Hoc networks for free-flow traffic state. Wireless Personal Communications, 75(1), 81–102.
Käsemann, M., Füßler, H., Hartenstein, H., & Mauve, M. (2002). A reactive location service for mobile ad hoc networks, Technical report TR-2002–014. Mannheim, Germany: University of Mannheim.
Cheng, L., Henty, B. E., Stancil, D. D., Bai, F., & Mudalige, P. (2007). Mobile vehicle-to-vehicle narrow-band channel measurement and characterization of the 5.9 GHz dedicated short range communication (DSRC) frequency band. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 25(8), 1501–1516.
CAR 2 CAR Communication Consortium. http://www.car-to-car.org/.
CARLINK: Wireless traffic service platform for linking cars. http://carlink.lcc.uma.es/.
Intelligent design of wireless communication networks. http://diricom.lcc.uma.es.
SEISCIENTOS: Providing adaptive ubiquitous services in vehicular contexts. http://www.grc.upv.es.
Wireless traffic safety network between cars. http://wisafecar.gforge.uni.lu/.
Co-operative systems for intelligenet road safety. http://www.coopers-ip.eu/.
Cooperative vehicle-infrastructure system. http://www.cvisproject.org/.
Lochert, C., Mauve, M., Füßler, H., & Hartenstein, H. (2005). Geographic routing in city scenarios. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 9(1), 69–72.
Jerbi, M., Meraihi, R., Senouci, S. M., & Ghamri-Doudane, Y. (2006). GyTAR: Improved greedy traffic aware routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks in city environments. In Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Vehicular ad hoc networks (pp. 88–89).
Khan, A. R., Ali, S., Mustafa, S., & Othman, M. (2012). Impact of mobility models on clustering based routing protocols in mobile WSNs. In IEEE 10th international conference on frontiers of information technology (pp. 366–370).
Khan, A. R., Ali, S., Mustafa, S., & Madani, S. A. (2010). Behavior of clustering based routing protocols with respect to different mobility models in mobile WSNs. In International conference on intelligence and information technology (pp. 404–406).
Khan, A. R., Khan, A. N., Mustafa, S. & Zaman, S. K. (2015). Impact of mobility on energy and performance of clustering-based power-controlled routing protocols. In International conference on frontiers of information technology (pp. 252–257).
Karp, B., & Kung, H. (2000). GPSR: Greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks. In Proceedings of sixth annual international conference on mobile computing & networking (pp. 243–254).
Darwish, T., & Bakar, K. A. (2015). Traffic density estimation in vehicular ad hoc networks: A review. Ad Hoc Networks, 24, 337–351.
Keränen, A., Ott, J., & Kärkkäinen, T. (2009). The ONE simulator for DTN protocol evaluation. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on simulation tools and techniques (p. 55).
Behrisch, M., Bieker, L., Erdmann, J., & Krajzewicz, D. (2011). SUMO–Simulation of urban mobility. In International conference on advances in system simulation (pp. 63–68).
Zhou, H., Zhang, H., & Song, F. (2012). Mobility management analysis of internet based on the splitting mechanism. International Journal of Computer Systems Science and Engineering, 27(6), 395–404.
Khan, A. R., Bilal, S. M., & Othman, M. A. (2012). Performance comparison of open source network simulators for wireless networks. In IEEE International conference on control system, computing and engineering (pp. 34–38).
Akhtar, N., Ergen, S. C., & Ozkasap, O. (2015). Vehicle mobility and communication channel models for realistic and efficient highway VANET simulation. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 64(1), 248–262.
Jin, Z., Deng, W., Yan, N., & Li, B. (2010). A study of multi-priority opportunistic directional routing for VANET. In International conference on wireless communications and signal processing (pp. 1–4).
Song, T., Xia, W. W., Song, T., & Shen, L. (2010). A cluster-based directional routing protocol in VANET. In IEEE international conference on communication technology (pp. 1172–1175).
Camp, T., Boleng, J., & Wilcox, L. (2002) Location information services in mobile ad hoc networks. In IEEE international conference on communications (pp. 3318–3324).
Chen, J.-C. (2003). Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm. Journal of Formalized Mathematics, 15, 144–157.
Seet, B.-C., Liu, G., Lee, B.-S., Foh, C.-H., Wong, K.-J., & Lee, K.-K. (2004). A-STAR: A mobile ad hoc routing strategy for metropolis vehicular communications. In Networking (pp. 989–999).
Li, J., Jannotti, J., Couto, D. S. J. D., Karger, D. R., & Morris, R. (2001) A scalable location service for geographic ad hoc routing. In 6th Annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking (pp. 120–130).
Ali, S., & Bilal, S. M. (2009). An intelligent routing protocol for VANETs in city environments. In 2nd International conference on computer, control and communication (pp. 1–5).
Bilal, S., Madani, S., & Khan, I. (2011). Enhanced junction selection mechanism for routing protocol in VANETs. International Arab Journal of Information Technology (IAJIT), 8(4), 422–429.
Ali, S., Madani, S. A., Khan, A. R., & Khan, I. A. (2014). Routing protocols for mobile sensor networks: A comparative study. International Journal of Computer Systems Science and Engineering, 29(1), 91–100.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bilal, S.M., Khan, A.u.R. & Ali, S. Review and Performance Analysis of Position Based Routing in VANETs. Wireless Pers Commun 94, 559–578 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-016-3637-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-016-3637-6