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Audio-Speech Watermarking Using a Channel Equalizer

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Abstract

Currently, the use of telephone systems is highly popular in speech telecommunication and also they have a wide presence in transmission of digital signals. In recent years, audio-speech watermarking as a modern technique makes use of the telephone channel to transmit the watermark data, but addressing the watermark’s vulnerability to noise in the telephone channel is a difficult problem in digital audio-speech watermarking. This paper presents a robust audio-speech watermarking scheme that operates against channel noise according to audio-speech specifications, the channel coding and channel equalizer technique. The proposed scheme is based on the spread spectrum technique and a psychoacoustic model with use of the channel equalizer to remove or minimize the effects of channel noise over the watermark signal. The simulation results for imperceptibility of the watermark, voice quality, and robustness against channel noise are presented in this study. The results indicate that the proposed scheme is highly satisfactory for the cases mentioned above.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Shervin Shokri, Mahamod Ismail, Nasharuddin Zainal & Majid Moghaddasi

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  1. Shervin Shokri
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  2. Mahamod Ismail
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  3. Nasharuddin Zainal
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  4. Majid Moghaddasi
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Correspondence to Shervin Shokri.

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Shokri, S., Ismail, M., Zainal, N. et al. Audio-Speech Watermarking Using a Channel Equalizer. Wireless Pers Commun 95, 4457–4476 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4095-5

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