Skip to main content
Log in

An Exhaustive Multi Factor Face Authentication Using Neuro-Fuzzy Approach

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The face authentication is a challenging task to validate the user with uncontrolled environment like variations on expression, pose, illumination and occlusion. In order to address these issues, the proposed work provides solution by considering all these factors in inter and intra personal face authentication. During enrollment process, the facial region of still image for the authorized user is detected and features are extracted using local tetra pattern (LTrP) technique. The features are given as input to the neural network namely fuzzy adaptive learning control network (FALCON) for training and classification of features. During authentication process, an image that can vary with expression, pose, illumination and occlusion factors is taken as test image and the test image is applied with LTrP and FALCON to train the features of test image. Then, these trained features are compared with existing feature set by using new proposed multi factor face authentication algorithm to authenticate a person. This work is evaluated among 1150 face images which are collected from JAFFE, Yale, ORL and AR datasets. The overall performance of the work is evaluated by authenticating 1106 images from 1150 constrained images. The second phase of the research work finally produces highest recognition rate of 96% among conventional methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jain, A. K., & Li, S. Z. (2011). Handbook of face recognition (2nd ed.). London: Springer. ISBN 978-0-85729-932-1.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Weaver, A. C. (2006). Biometric authentication. IEEE Computer Society,39(2), 96–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Jain, A. K., Pankanti, S., Prabhakar, S., Hong, L., & Ross, A. (2004). Biometrics: A grand challenge. In Proceedings of 17th international conference on pattern recognition (Vol. 2(23), pp. 935–942).

  4. Wayman, J. L. (2001). Fundamentals of biometric authentication technologies. International Journal of Image and Graphics,1(1), 93–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Shanmugapriya, D., & Padmavathi, G. (2009). A survey of biometric keystroke dynamics: approaches, security and challenge. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,5(1), 115–119.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rangan, K., Shashank, M., Manikantan, K. L., & Ramachandran, S. (2015). Face recognition using truncated transform domain feature extraction. International Arab Journal of Information Technology,12(3), 211–219.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Haibin, Y., Jiwen, L., Xiuzhuang, Z., & Yuan, Y. S. (2014). Multi feature, multi manifold learning for single sample face recognition. Neuro Computing,143(2), 134–143.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ming, Y. (2014). Rigid-area orthogonal spectral regression for efficient three dimensional face recognition. Neuro Computing,129(10), 445–457.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Jerritta, S., Muthusamy, M., Khairunizam, W., & Ahmad, W. (2014). Emotion recognition from facial EMG signals using higher order statistics and principle component analysis. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,37(3), 385–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Naveena, D., Sunitha, S., & Lavanya, M. (2014). An efficient person identification system using face. International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies,2(10), 271–277.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Nirmala, G., & Wahida, R. S. D. (2014). Occlusion invariant face recognition using mean based weight matrix and support vector machine. Sadhana Indian Academy of Sciences,39(2), 303–315.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Huy, T. H., & Rama, C. (2013). Pose-invariant face recognition using markov random fields. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing,22(4), 1573–1584.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Tayade, Y. R., & Bansode, S. M. (2013). An efficient face recognition and retrieval using LBP and SIFT. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering,2(4), 1769–1773.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Roger, J., Sun, C. T., & Mizutani, E. (1997). Neuro fuzzy and soft computing. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Fausett, L. V. (2004). Fundamentals of neural networks (1st ed.). London: Pearson Education. ISBN 8131700534.

  16. Yale face image dataset. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/attarchive/facedatabase.html. Accessed Sept 2015.

  17. Japanese female facial expression (JAFFE) face image dataset. http://www.kasrl.org/jaffe.html. Accessed Sept 2015.

  18. Olivetti Research Laboratory (ORL) face image dataset. http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/DTG/attarchive:pub/data/att_faces.zip. Accessed Sept 2015.

  19. Aleix Martinez & Robert Benavente face image dataset. http://www2.ece.ohio-state.edu/~aleix/ARdatabase.html. Accessed Sept 2015.

  20. Eleyan, H., & Demirel, H. (2005). Face recognition system based on PCA and feed forward neural networks. In Proceedings of computational intelligence and bio inspired systems, Barcelona (pp. 935–942).

  21. Rachidahdid, J., Said, S., & Bouzid, M. (2015). Three dimensional face surfaces analysis using geodesic distance. Journal of Computer Sciences and Applications,3(3), 67–72.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Parvathi.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Parvathi, R., Sankar, M. An Exhaustive Multi Factor Face Authentication Using Neuro-Fuzzy Approach. Wireless Pers Commun 109, 2353–2375 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06685-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06685-4

Keywords

Navigation