Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design and Performance Evaluation of Multidimensional OFDM System

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has many advantages, and thus has been applied to various communication systems. However, new next-generation communication systems require higher communication performance and spectral efficiency, and further studies are required to improve OFDM. Many attempts have been made to three-dimensional OFDM (3D-OFDM) in an attempt to improve OFDM. 3D-OFDM expands OFDM into three dimensions to map symbols, thereby improving communication performance, but has limitations in terms of spectral efficiency. In this paper, we present a multidimensional OFDM (MD-OFDM) system that is expanded from 3D-OFDM and evaluate its performance. Simulation results show that symbol error rate performance can be further improved when OFDM is expanded into MD-OFDM, but spectral efficiency is not improved. However, since the Euclidean distance between adjacent symbols increases with multidimensional expansion, trellis-based channel coding could be used to improve system performance and spectral efficiency. Further research is needed on these characteristics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Schaich, F., & Wild, T. (2014). Waveform contenders for 5G—OFDM vs. FBMC vs. UFMC. In 2014 6th international symposium on communications, control and signal processing (ISCCSP) (pp. 457–460), Athens.

  2. Andrews, J., Buzzi, S., Choi, W., Hanly, S., Lozano, A., Soong, A., et al. (2014). What will 5G be? IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,32(6), 1065–1082.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang, C.-X., Haider, F., Gao, X., You, X.-H., Yang, Y., Yuan, D., et al. (2014). Cellular architecture and key technologies for 5G wireless communication networks. IEEE Communications Magazine,52(2), 122–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Cimini, L. (1985). Analysis and simulation of a digital mobile channel using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. IEEE Transactions on Communications,33(7), 665–675.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Hijazi, H., & Ros, L. (2010). Joint data QR-detection and Kalman estimation for OFDM time-varying Rayleigh channel complex gains. IEEE Transactions on Communications,58(1), 170–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Coleri, S., Ergen, M., Puri, A., & Bahai, A. (2002). Channel estimation techniques based on pilot arrangement in OFDM systems. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting,48(3), 223–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Yang, B., Letaief, K. B., Cheng, R. S., & Cao, Z. (2001). Channel estimation for OFDM transmission in multipath fading channels based on parametric channel modeling. IEEE Transactions on Communications,49(3), 467–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Joung, J., Ho, C. K., & Sun, S. (2014). Spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of OFDM systems: Impact of power amplifiers and countermeasures. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,32(2), 208–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Jiang, T., & Wu, Y. (2008). An overview: Peak-to-average power ratio reduction techniques for OFDM signals. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting,54(2), 257–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. van de Beek, J. J., Sandell, M., & Borjesson, P. O. (1997). ML estimation of time and frequency offset in OFDM systems. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,45(7), 1800–1805.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Pollet, T., Van Bladel, M., & Moeneclaey, M. (1995). BER sensitivity of OFDM systems to carrier frequency offset and Wiener phase noise. IEEE Transactions on Communications,43(2/3/4), 191–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Edfors, O., Sandell, M., van de Beek, J., Wilson, S. K., & Borjesson, P. O. (1998). OFDM channel estimation by singular value decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Communications,46(7), 931–939.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kang, S. G. (2008). An OFDM with 3-D signal mapper and 2-D IDFT modulator. IEEE Communications Letters,12(12), 871–873.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Cho, S., & Park, S. K. (2012). Improved 16-ary constellation mapping for three-dimensional OFDM systems. Electronics Letters,48(9), 530–532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen, Z., & Kang, S. G. (2014). A three-dimensional OFDM system with PAPR reduction method for wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks,10(3), 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  16. OFDM apparatus using three-dimensional hexadecimal signal constellation, Patents, February 2011.

  17. Dehghani, M. J., Jafarian, N., & Kazemi, K. (2012). Peak-to-average power ratio in 3-D OFDM system. In 2012 20th telecommunications forum (TELFOR) (pp. 475–477), Belgrade.

  18. Kumar, P., & Srivastava, A. (2013). Performance analysis of next generation 3-D OFDM based optical access networks under various system impairments. In 2013 annual IEEE India conference (INDICON) (pp. 1–5), Mumbai.

  19. Auer, G. (2012). 3D MIMO-OFDM channel estimation. IEEE Transactions on Communications,60(4), 972–985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Chen, Z., Choi, E. C., & Kang, S. G. (2010). Closed-form expressions for the symbol error probability of 3-D OFDM. IEEE Communications Letters,14(2), 112–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Chen, Z., & Kang, S. G. (2009). Probability of symbol error of OFDM system with 3-Dimensional signal constellations. In 2009 IEEE 13th international symposium on consumer electronics (pp. 442–446), Kyoto.

  22. Khabbazian, M., Hossain, M. J., Alouini, M., & Bhargava, V. K. (2009). Exact method for the error probability calculation of three-dimensional signal constellations. IEEE Transactions on Communications,57(4), 922–925.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Chen, B., & Jiang, M. (2015). Design of three-dimensional constellations for wireless communication systems. In 2015 IEEE international conference on communications (ICC) (pp. 2876–2881), London.

  24. Shi, P., Huan, H., & Tao, R. (2015). Waveform design for higher-level 3D constellation mappings and its construction based on regular tetrahedron cells. Science China Information Sciences,58(8), 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhang, Z., Choi, E. C., & Kang, S. G. (2009). Trellis coded 3-dimensional OFDM system. In 2009 9th international symposium on communications and information technology (pp. 1106–1109), Incheon.

  26. Berardinelli, G., et al. (2014). On the potential of OFDM enhancements as 5G waveforms. In Proceedings of 2014 IEEE 79th vehicular technology conference (VTC spring) (pp. 1–5).

  27. Porath, J., & Aulin, T. (2003). Design of multidimensional signal constellations. IEE Proceedings—Communications,150(5), 317–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2019R1A6A3A01096259) and this work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Education) (No. 2016R1D1A1B01008046). Also, this work was supported under the framework of international cooperation program managed by the National Research Foundation of Korea (2019K1A3A1A3910299511, FY2019) and This research was supported by Chungbuk National University (2019).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronic Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea

    Changyoung An & Heung-Gyoon Ryu

Authors
  1. Changyoung An
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Heung-Gyoon Ryu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heung-Gyoon Ryu.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

An, C., Ryu, HG. Design and Performance Evaluation of Multidimensional OFDM System. Wireless Pers Commun 113, 2625–2640 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07344-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07344-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation