Skip to main content
Log in

A Smart Model for Prediction of Radio Wave Attenuation Due to Clouds and Fog (SMRWACF)

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The recent trend in wireless technology has been tremadously increased the demand of higher frequency bands from every corners of the mobile technology. As next generation mobile technologies are evolved very rapidly and world is moving towards online platform so technologies with faster internet without any delay is required. Millimeter waves and sub-millimeter waves are better candidate for this type of services due to availability of higher bandwidth. These higher frequencies are come with the challenge of environmental attenuation due to rain, fog, dust etc. Radio wave attenuation caused due to cloud is significant in case of satellite communication. Different Models are available for calculating attenuation like ITU-R, slobin, gunn, etc. but ITU-R is widely acceptable model. In order to calculate attenuation using ITU-R model real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants of water droplets are required. In this paper new method is introduced to calculate real and imaginary part of dielectric constant of water droplet using machine learning techniques. Results obtained from propose model is compared with ITU-R and other published model.The advantage of propose model is that, it is very simple as it contains quadratic equation as compared with ITU-R model.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Seybold, J. S. (2005). Introduction to RF propagation. Wiley.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  2. Gunn, K. L. S., & East, T. W. R. (1954). The microwave properties of precipitation particles. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 80(346), 522–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Staelin, D. H. (1966). Measurements and interpretation of the microwave spectrum of the terrestrial atmosphere near 1-centimeter wavelength. Journal of Geophysical Research, 71(12), 2875–2881.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Slobin, S. D. (1982). Microwave noise temperature and attenuation of clouds: Statistics of these effects at various sites in the United States, Alaska, and Hawaii. Radio Science, 17(6), 1443–1454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Altshuler, E. E., & Marr, R. A. (1989). Cloud attenuation at millimeter wavelengths. IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation, 37(11), 1473–1479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Liebe, H. J. (1989). MPM—An atmospheric millimeter-wave propagation model. International Journal of Infrared and millimeter waves, 10(6), 631–650.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Salonen, E., & Uppala, S. (1991). New prediction method of cloud attenuation. Electronics Letters, 27(12), 1106–1108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Dissanayake, A., Allnutt, J., & Haidara, F. (1997). A prediction model that combines rain attenuation and other propagation impairments along earth-satellite paths. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 45(10), 1546–1558.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Dintelmann, F., & Ortgies, G. (1989). Semiempirical model for cloud attenuation prediction. Electronics Letters, 25(22), 1487–1488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Konefal, T., et al. (2000). Prediction of monthly and annual availabilities on 10–50 GHz satellite-Earth and aircraft-to-aircraft links. IEE Proceedings-Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 147(2), 122–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wrench, C. L., Davies, P. G., & Ramsden, J. (1999). Global predictions of slant path attenuation on earth-space links at EHF. International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, 17(2–3), 177–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Attenuation due to cloud and fog, Recommendation ITU-R P.840–5,P Series Radio wave propagation .

  13. West water, Ed R (1978) "The accuracy of water vapor and cloud liquid determination by dual-frequency ground-based microwave radiometry." Radio Science 13.4: 677–685.

  14. Papatsoris, A. D. (1997). Effect of ice clouds on millimetre-wave aeronautical and satellite communications. Electronics Letters, 33(21), 1766–1768.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Dissanayake, A., Jeremy, A., & Fatim, H. (2001). Cloud attenuation modelling for SHF and EHF applications. International journal of satellite communications, 19(3), 335–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Sarkar, S. K., Iqbal Ahmad, and M. M. Gupta (2005) "Statistical morphology of cloud occurrences and cloud attenuation over Hyderabad, India." 92.60 Nv; 84.40. _x

  17. Sarkar, S. K., and Anil Kumar. "Cloud attenuation and cloud noise temperature over some Indian eastern station for satellite communication" 92.60 Nv; 84.40. _x (2005).

  18. Sarkar, S. K., Anil K (2007) "Recent studies on cloud and precipitation phenomena for propagation characteristics over India." 92.60. Nv; 84.40.-x

  19. Mandeep, J. S., & Hassan, S. I. S. (2008). Cloud attenuation for satellite applications over equatorial climate. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 7, 152–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Maitra, A., & Chakraborty, S. (2009). Cloud liquid water content and cloud attenuation studies with radiosonde data at a tropical location. Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, 30(4), 367–373.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Mattioli, V., et al. (2009) "Analysis and improvements of cloud models for propagation studies." Radio Science 44.2.

  22. Omotosho, T. V., & Jit, S. M. (2014). “Cloud attenuation studies of the six major climatic zones of Africa for Ka and V satellite system design.” Annals of Geophysics, 56(5), 0568.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Mandal, BK, Debnath B, Sungmin K (2014) "Attenuation of signal at a tropical location with radiosonde data due to cloud." International Journal of Smart Home 8.1 (2014): 15–22.

  24. Ahmed Ali Rais Kokab-1 ,Dr. HalaAldawEdreis, “Attenuation(Fading) Due To Clouds South Kordofan (Sudan)” IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-ISSN: 2278–2834,p- ISSN: 2278–8735.Volume 11, Issue 3, Ver. II (May-Jun .2016), PP 99–100 www.iosrjournals.org

  25. Srinivas, K. K., & Ramana, T. V. (2019). Diligent inquiry of lower level atmospheric clouds attenuation on earth space path links for certain Indian localities. Cluster Computing, 22(6), 14241–14251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Gesner, R. L., Christodoulou, C. G., Lane, S., Murrell, D., Hong, E., & Tarasenko, N. (2019, July). Modeling the Effects of Gaseous Absorption and Attenuation due to Clouds for a 72 GHz Terrestrial Link. In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (pp. 665–666). IEEE.

  27. Kotamraju, S. K., & Korada, C. S. K. (2019). Precipitation and other propagation impairments effects at microwave and millimeter wave bands: A mini survey. Acta Geophysica, 67(2), 703–719.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Adewusi, O. M., Omotosho, T. V., Akinyemi, M. L., Akinwumi, S. A., & Ometan, O. O. (2019, July). Four Year Cloud Attenuation Study in a Tropical Station. In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (pp. 2105–2106). IEEE.

  29. Mustapha, A. O., Victor, O. T., Lola, A. M., Eterigho, E. M., Akinloye, A. S., & Oluwayemisi, O. O. (2019, July). Modeling of Cloud Attenuation on Earth-Space Path in Ota Southwest Nigeria. In 2019 6th International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace) (pp. 96–99). IEEE.

  30. Quibus, L., Luini, L., Riva, C., & Vanhoenacker-Janvier, D. (2019). Use and accuracy of numerical weather predictions to support EM wave propagation experiments. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 67(8), 5544–5554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Squali, L., & Riouch, F. (2019, October). Atmospheric parameters influence on mm-wave propagation in 5G communication. In 2019 7th Mediterranean Congress of Telecommunications (CMT) (pp. 1–5). IEEE.

  32. Singh, H., Saxena, K., Kumar, V., Bonev, B., & Prasad, R. (2020). An empirical model for prediction of environmental attenuation of millimeter waves. Wireless Personal Communications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-020-07599-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vivek Kumar.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The author declared that there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Singh, H., Kumar, V., Saxena, K. et al. A Smart Model for Prediction of Radio Wave Attenuation Due to Clouds and Fog (SMRWACF). Wireless Pers Commun 122, 3227–3245 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-09047-1

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-09047-1

Keywords

Navigation