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Desynchronization-attack-resilient audio watermarking mechanism for stereo signals using the linear correlation between channels

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Abstract

Copyright infringement is a serious problem in the music industry, especially for Internet-based platforms. The existing audio watermarking methods for copyright protection have limited robustness against the desynchronization attacks. Besides, most of the methods are not designed for stereo signals, which are widely used by online-based music and video platforms. In this paper, we present a desynchronization-attack-resilient watermarking method for stereo signals. In the watermark embedding process, both the left channel and the right channel of the host signal are firstly segmented and transformed into the frequency domain using the discrete cosine transform (DCT). Secondly, the linear correlation between channels (LCBC) in the DCT domain is calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC). Then watermark bits are embedded by modifying LCBC for each segment. Since the desynchronization attacks as well as other common attacks affect both the left channel and the right channel in a similar manner, LCBC is robust against both desynchronization attacks and other common attacks. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Funding

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia

    Tianrui Zong, Juan Zhao, Yong Xiang, Iynkaran Natgunanathan & Longxiang Gao

  2. School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Ultimo, Australia

    Wanlei Zhou

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  1. Tianrui Zong
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  2. Juan Zhao
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  4. Iynkaran Natgunanathan
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  5. Longxiang Gao
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Correspondence to Juan Zhao.

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This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Special Issue on Web Information Systems Engineering 2020

Guest Editors: Hua Wang, Zhisheng Huang, and Wouter Beek

Partial financial support was received from the Australian Research Council under grant LP170100458.

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Zong, T., Zhao, J., Xiang, Y. et al. Desynchronization-attack-resilient audio watermarking mechanism for stereo signals using the linear correlation between channels. World Wide Web 25, 357–379 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-021-00897-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-021-00897-0

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