Skip to main content
Log in

Ambiguity and structural properties of basic sequence diagrams

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Sequence Diagrams (SDs) are one of the most popular elements of the UML notation to model the dynamics of systems. However, the graphical representation of basic SDs suffers from an inherent ambiguity that has led to different definitions in UML 1.x and in UML 2.0. This ambiguity paves the way for the consideration of several semantics for basic SDs. The paper studies four of these semantics and shows to what extent their differences for a given SD (that is the amount of ambiguity of this diagram) comes from its structural properties (linearity, local control and local causality). The fulfilment of these properties can serve as a measure of the ambiguity of a SD, and thus the attention to be paid at its validation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. ITU-T recommendation Z.120. Message sequence charts (MSC’96), May 1996. http://www.itu.int

  2. Mauw S, Reniers M (2001) A process algebra for interworkings Chap 19. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1269–1327

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. Damm W, Harel D (2001) LSCs: breathing life into message sequence charts. Formal Methods Syst Des 19(1): 45–80

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Object Management Group (2003) UML 1.5 specification. http://www.omg.org

  5. International Organization for Standardization (2005) ISO/IEC 19501 specification. http://www.iso.org, also referred as Unified modeling language specification, version 1.4.2 formal/05-04-01

  6. Object Management Group (2005) UML 2.0 specification. http://www.omg.org

  7. Cardoso J, Sibertin-Blanc C (2002) An operational semantics for UML interaction: sequencing of actions and local control. Eur J Autom Syst APII-JESA 36: 1015–1028 (Hermès-Lavoisier)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Sibertin-Blanc C, Tahir O, Cardoso J (2005) Interpretation of UML sequence diagrams as causality flows. In: Advanced distributed systems, 5th international school and symposium (ISSAD). LNCS, vol 3563. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 126–140

  9. Vaughan RP (1986) Modeling concurrency with partial orders. Int J Parallel Program 15(1): 33–71

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Sibertin-Blanc C, Hameurlain N, Tahir O (2008) Ambiguity and structural properties of basic sequence diagrams. Internal Report, IRIT, University Toulouse 1

  11. Alur R, Etessami K, Yannakakis M (2000) Inference of message sequence charts. In: Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on software engineering (ICSE). ACM Press, New York, pp 304–313

  12. Uchitel S, Kramer J, Magee J (2001) Detecting implied scenarios in message sequence chart specifications. In: Proceedings of the 9th European software engineering conference and 9th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on the foundations of software engineering (ESEC/FSE’01). ACM, New York, pp 74–82

  13. Aredo BD (2002) A framework for semantics of UML sequence diagrams in PVS. J Univers Comput Sci (JUCS) 8(7): 674–697

    Google Scholar 

  14. Störrle H (1999) A Petri-net semantics for sequence diagrams. GI/ITG Fachgespräch Formale Beschreibungstechniken für verteilte Systeme (FBT’99)

  15. Mauw S, Reniers MA (1999) Operational semantics for MSC’96. Comput Netw ISDN Syst 37(17): 1785–1799

    Google Scholar 

  16. Grabowski J, Graubmann P, Rudolph E (1993) Towards a Petri net based semantics definition for message sequence charts. In: Proceedings of the 6th SDL forum (SDL’93). North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 179–190

  17. Owre S, Shankar N, Rushby JM (1992) PVS: a prototype verification system. In: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on automated deduction (CADE’92). LNCS, vol 607. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 748–752

  18. Xiaosha-n L, Zhiming L, Jifeng H (2004) A formal semantics of UML sequence diagram. In: Proceedings of Australian software engineering conference, ASWEC 2004. IEEE CS, New York, pp 168–177

  19. Knapp A (1999) A formal semantics for UML interactions. In: Proceedings of the second international conference on the unified modeling language. LNCS, vol 1723. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 116–130

  20. Gehrke T, Goltz U, Wherheim H (1998) The dynamic models of UML: towards a semantics and its application in the development process. Hildesheimer Informatik-Bericht 11/98, Institut für Informatik, Universitat Hildesheimer

  21. Manna Z, Pnueli A (1992) The temporal logic of reactive and concurrent systems. Specification, vol 1 . Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  22. Cengarle MV, Knapp A (2004) UML 2.0 Interactions: semantics and refinement. In: Proceedings of the third international workshop on critical systems development with UML (CSDUML’04,), pp 85–99. Technical Report TUM-I0415, Institut für Informatik, Technische Universität München

  23. Störrle H (2003) Assert, negate and refinement in UML-2 interactions. Workshop on critical systems development with UML (CSDUML’03). Technische Universität München, Technical report TUM-I0317

  24. Störrle H (2003) Semantics of interactions in UML 2.0. In: Proceedings of 2003 IEEE symposium on visual languages and formal methods (VLFM’03)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nabil Hameurlain.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sibertin-Blanc, C., Hameurlain, N. & Tahir, O. Ambiguity and structural properties of basic sequence diagrams. Innovations Syst Softw Eng 4, 275–284 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11334-008-0063-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11334-008-0063-2

Keywords

Navigation