Skip to main content
Log in

SKY: efficient peer-to-peer networks based on distributed Kautz graphs

  • Published:
Science in China Series F: Information Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Many proposed P2P networks are based on traditional interconnection topologies. Given a static topology, the maintenance mechanism for node join/departure is critical to designing an efficient P2P network. Kautz graphs have many good properties such as constant degree, low congestion and optimal diameter. Due to the complexity in topology maintenance, however, to date there have been no effective P2P networks that are proposed based on Kautz graphs with base > 2. To address this problem, this paper presents the “distributed Kautz (D-Kautz) graphs”, which adapt Kautz graphs to the characteristics of P2P networks. Using the D-Kautz graphs we further propose SKY, the first effective P2P network based on Kautz graphs with arbitrary base. The effectiveness of SKY is demonstrated through analysis and simulations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Li D S, Cao J N, Chan K C C, et al. Delay-bounded range queries in DHT-based peer-to-peer systems. In: ICDCS 2006. Lisboa: IEEE Press, 2006

    Google Scholar 

  2. Zhang Y M, Li D S, Chu R, et al. PIBUS: A network memorybased peer-to-peer IO buffering service. In: Networking 2007, LNCS4479. Atlanta: Springer-Verlag, 2007. 1237–1240

    Google Scholar 

  3. Zhang Y M, Li D S. Lu X C. Scalable distributed resource information service for internet-based virtual computing environment (in Chinese). J Software, 2007, 18(8): 1933–1942

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Dabek F, Kaashoek M F, Karger D, et al. Wide-area cooperative storage with CFS. In: SOSP 2001. Banff: ACM Press, 2001. 202–215

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Cox R, Muthitacharoen A, Morris R T. Serving DNS using a peer-to-peer lookup service. In: IPTPS 2002, LNCS2429. Cambridge: Springer-Verlag, 2002. 155–165

    Google Scholar 

  6. Annapureddy S, Freedman M J, Mazi’eres D. Shark: Scaling file servers via cooperative caching. In: NSDI 2005. Boston: USENIX Press, 2005. 129–142

    Google Scholar 

  7. Stoica I, Morris R, Karger D R, et al. Chord: A scalable peerto-peer lookup service for Internet applications. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw, 2003, 11(1): 17–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Rowstron A, Druschel P. Pastry: Scalable, decentralized object location, and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems. In: Middleware 2001, LNCS2218. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2001. 329–350

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhao B Y, Huang L, Stribling J. Tapestry: A resilient globalscale overlay for service deployment. IEEE JSAC, 2004, 22(1): 41–53

    Google Scholar 

  10. Maymounkov P, Mazieres D. Kademlia: A peer-to-peer information system based on the xor metric. In: IPTPS, LNCS2429. Cambridge: Springer-Verlag, 2002. 53–65

    Google Scholar 

  11. Harvey N J A, Jones M B, Saroiu S, et al. Skipnet: A scalable overlay network with practical locality properties. In: USITS 2003. Seattle: USENIX Press, 2003

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ratnasamy S, Francis P, Handley M, et al. A scalable content addressable network. In: SIGCOMM 2001. San Diego: ACM Press, 2001. 161–172

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Malkhi D, Naor M, Ratajczak D. Viceroy: A scalable and dynamic emulation of the butterfly. In: PODC 2002. Monterey: ACM Press, 2002. 183–192

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Kumar A, Merugu S, Xu J J, et al. Ulysses: A robust, lowdiameter, low-latency peer-to-peer network. In: ICNP 2003. Atlanta: IEEE Press, 2003. 258–267

    Google Scholar 

  15. Shen H, Xu C, Chen G. Cycloid: A scalable constant-degree P2P overlay network. Perform Eval, 2005, 63(3): 195–216

    Google Scholar 

  16. Fraigniaud P, Gauron P. D2B: A de Bruijn based contentaddressable network. Theor Comput Sci, 2006, 355(1): 65–79

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Kaashoek F, Karger D. Koorde: A simple degree-optimal distributed hash table. In: IPTPS 2003, LNCS2735. Berkeley: Springer-Verlag, 2003. 98–107

    Google Scholar 

  18. Loguinov D, Kumar A, Rai V, et al. Graph-theoretic analysis of structured peer-to-peer systems: Routing distances and fault resilience. In: SIGCOMM 2003. Karlsruhe: ACM Press, 2003. 395–406

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Gai A T, Viennot L. Broose: A practical distributed hash table based on the de Bruijn topology. In: International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing 2004. Switzerland: IEEE Press, 2004. 167–174

    Google Scholar 

  20. Li D S, Lu X C. A novel constant degree and constant congestion DHT scheme for peer-to-peer networks. Sci China Ser F-Inf Sci, 2005, 48(4): 421–436

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Guo D K, Wu J, Chen H H, et al. Moore: an extendable peerto-peer network based on incomplete Kautz digraph with constant degree. In: INFOCOM 2007. Anchorage: IEEE Press, 2007. 821–829

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Fiol M A, Llado A S. The partial line digraph technique in the design of large interconnection networks. IEEE Trans Comput, 1992, C-41(7): 848–857

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Tvrdik P. Factoring and scaling Kautz digraphs. Technical Report LIP ENSL 94-15. 1994

  24. Lu X C, Wang H M, Wang J. Internet-based virtual computing environment (iVCE): Concepts and architecture. Sci China Ser F-Inf Sci, 2006, 49(6): 681–701

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to YiMing Zhang.

Additional information

Supported partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60673167 and 60703072), the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 08JJ3125), and the National Basic Research Program of China (973) (Grant No. 2005CB321801)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhang, Y., Lu, X. & Li, D. SKY: efficient peer-to-peer networks based on distributed Kautz graphs. Sci. China Ser. F-Inf. Sci. 52, 588–601 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-009-0016-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-009-0016-x

Keywords

Navigation