Abstract
Electromagnetic (EM) waves are the most versatile and widely adopted physical layer technology for underground wireless communication networks (UWCNs). However, they are not suitable for underground communication especially when coils are buried in soil. Magneto-inductive (MI) communication is a promising technique for UWCNs; it is not affected by large propagation delays, multipath propagation, and fading. Furthermore, MI communication has lower transmitting power and smaller antenna size than EM. A near-field low-power communication device with an electrically small antenna for low-frequency UWCNs is proposed in this study. The device can be easily buried underground. The proposed device is analyzed in terms of basic communication metrics, i.e., magnetic field intensity, bandwidth, path losses, and received power. Comparison of these four metrics shows that the experimental data closely match those of the theoretical model, and the maximum communication distance of 28.5 m, can be achieved. Moreover, according to the experimental results of our device, we further propose the modified received power model. Results show that the device exhibits good performance and can be used as a stand-alone module in directional underground wireless communication.
概要
创新点
相比于传统电磁(EM)波通信, 磁感应(MI)通信由于具有天线尺寸小、低衰落、低能耗和无多径效应等优点, 更适合需要将设备埋设在土壤中的透地通信. 本文提出一种基于电小天线的近场低能耗通信设备, 此设备可用于地下透地通信. 同时, 本文在磁场强度, 带宽, 路径损耗, 和接收功率四方面对设备进行理论仿真和实验测量的对比. 通过这四个指标的比较表明, 测量数据和理论仿真几乎完全匹配, 并且, 该设备的最大的通信距离课达到28.5米. 此外, 根据本装置的实验结果, 我们进一步提出了改进的接收功率模型. 结果表明, 该装置具有良好的性能, 可以作为定向井下无线通信的一个独立的模块.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yoon S U, Cheng L, Ghazanfari E, et al. Subsurface monitoringusing low frequency wireless signal networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PERCOM Workshops), Lugano, 2012. 443–446
Akyildiz I F, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, et al. Wirelesssensor networks: a survey. Comput Netw, 2002, 38: 393–422
Sun Z, Akyildiz I F. Connectivity in wireless underground sensor networks. In: Proceedings of 7th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON), Boston, 2010. 1–9
Zhang G Q, Zhang G Q. Communication network designing: transmission capacity, cost and scalability. Sci China Inf Sci, 2012, 55: 2454–2465
Du S, Zhang S F, Peng Y F, et al. Power-efficient RWA in dynamic WDM optical networks considering different connection holding times. Sci China Inf Sci, 2013, 56: 042306
Huang F W, Zhang Z S, Chai X M, et al. Survivability-oriented optimal node density for randomly deployed wireless sensor networks. Sci China Inf Sci, 2014, 57: 029301
Zhu X R, Wang Y, Zhu H B. Analysis on life model of large sensor networks. Sci China Inf Sci, 2013, 56: 042304
Xu H Y, Sun H D, Zhang B L. Waveguide design and application with transformation optics. Sci China Inf Sci, 2013, 56: 120403
Bansal R. Near-field magnetic communication. IEEE Antennas Propag Mag, 2004, 46: 114–115
Thilak N, Braun R. Near field magnetic induction communication in body area network. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS), Coimbatore, 2012. 15–16
Sun Z, Akyildiz I F. Magnetic induction communications for wireless underground sensor networks. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat, 2010, 58: 2426–2435
Sun Z, Akyildiz I F. Influences of vehicles on signal propagationin road tunnels. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Cape Town, 2010. 23–27
Syms R R A, Shamonina E, Solymar L. Magneto-inductive waveguide devices. IEE Proc Microwaves Antennas Propag, 2006, 153: 111–121
Shamonina E, Kalinin V A, Ringhofer K H, et al. Magnetoinductive waves in one, two, and three dimensions. J Appl Phys, 2002, 92: 6252–6261
Azad U, Jing H C, Wang Y E. Link budget and capacity performance of inductively coupled resonant loops. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, 2012, 60: 2453–2461
Xiong Z, Sheng H, Rong W G, et al. Intelligent transportation systems for smart cities: a progress review. Sci China Inf Sci, 2012, 55: 2908–2914
Zhou P, Yao J H, Pei J L. Implementation of an energy-efficient scheduling scheme based on pipeline flux leak monitoring networks. Sci China Ser-F: Inf Sci, 2009, 52: 1632–1639
Sun Z, Akyildiz I F. Magnetic induction communications for wireless underground sensor networks. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag, 2010, 58: 2426–2435
Azad U, Wang Y E. Impact of receiver coil misalignment on near-field communication system performance. In: Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), Chicago, 2012. 8–14
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ma, J., Zhang, X. & Huang, Q. Near-field magnetic induction communication device for underground wireless communication networks. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 57, 1–11 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-014-5200-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-014-5200-y
Keywords
- magnetic induction
- low power
- electrically small antenna
- underground wireless communication
- received power model