Abstract
Optical metasurfaces have advanced approaches for manipulating light information in the spatial domain, in which the spatially interleaved metasurfaces demonstrate the ability to manipulate a more complex wavefront of light than metasurfaces without the spatial interleaving. The potential of the spatially interleaved metasurfaces has not been fully exploited. In this paper, we design the spatially interleaved terahertz (THz) metasurfaces based on the ingenious spatial interleaving principles to develop the diverse THz wavefront manipulations. Four functions are performed, including the orbital angular momentum (OAM) superposition of single-frequency vortex beams, the separate vortex focusing of single-frequency dual beams, the different OAM manipulations of bifrequency beams in different planes, and achromatic focusing. The demonstrated functions prove that the spatially interleaved metasurface can manipulate THz wavefront at both single frequency and bifrequency, which traditional metasurfaces cannot. This work paves the way for diverse THz wavefront manipulations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Balli F, Sultan M, Lami S K, et al. A hybrid achromatic metalens. Nat Commun, 2020, 11: 3892
Li C J, Wang C G, Yue C Z, et al. Dynamic phase assembled terahertz metalens for reversible conversion between linear polarization and arbitrary circular polarization. Opto-Electron Adv, 2022, 5: 210062
Rubin N A, D’Aversa G, Chevalier P, et al. Matrix Fourier optics enables a compact full-Stokes polarization camera. Science, 2019, 365: eaax1839
Zheng C, Li J, Yue Z, et al. All-dielectric trifunctional metasurface capable of independent amplitude and phase modulation. Laser Photon Rev, 2022, 16: 2200051
Jiang Z H, Kang L, Yue T, et al. A single noninterleaved metasurface for high-capacity and flexible mode multiplexing of higher-order Poincaré sphere beams. Adv Mater, 2020, 32: 1903983
Cao G, Xu H X, Zhou L M, et al. Infrared metasurface-enabled compact polarization nanodevices. Mater Today, 2021, 50: 499–515
Jin Z, Janoschka D, Deng J, et al. Phyllotaxis-inspired nanosieves with multiplexed orbital angular momentum. eLight, 2021, 1: 5
Kim T T, Oh S S, Kim H D, et al. Electrical access to critical coupling of circularly polarized waves in graphene chiral metamaterials. Sci Adv, 2017, 3: 1701377
Jin L, Dong Z, Mei S T, et al. Noninterleaved metasurface for (26 - 1) spin- and wavelength-encoded holograms. Nano Lett, 2018, 18: 8016–8024
Zentgraf T. Imaging the rainbow. Nat Nanotech, 2018, 13: 179–180
Krasnok A. Metalenses go atomically thick and tunable. Nat Photonics, 2020, 14: 409–410
Yue C Z, Li C J, Li C J, et al. Terahertz metasurface zone plates with arbitrary polarizations to a fixed polarization conversion. Opto-Electron Sci, 2022, 1: 210014
Xu H X, Hu G, Li Y, et al. Interference-assisted kaleidoscopic meta-plexer for arbitrary spin-wavefront manipulation. Light Sci Appl, 2019, 8: 3
Zhou S, Shen Z, Li X, et al. Liquid crystal integrated metalens with dynamic focusing property. Opt Lett, 2020, 45: 4324–4327
Zheng C, Wang G, Li J, et al. All-dielectric metasurface for manipulating the superpositions of orbital angular momentum via spin-decoupling. Adv Opt Mater, 2021, 9: 2002007
Zhang F, Pu M, Li X, et al. All-dielectric metasurfaces for simultaneous giant circular asymmetric transmission and wavefront shaping based on asymmetric photonic spin-orbit interactions. Adv Funct Mater, 2017, 27: 1704295
Xu H, Hu G, Jiang M, et al. Wavevector and frequency multiplexing performed by a spin-decoupled multichannel metasurface. Adv Mater Technol, 2019, 5: 1900710
Zhang M, Zhang F, Li M, et al. Highly efficient amplitude modulation of terahertz fano resonance based on Si photoactive substrate by low power continuous wave. Adv Mater Technol, 2020, 5: 2000626
Franke-Arnold S, Barnett S M, Yao E, et al. Uncertainty principle for angular position and angular momentum. New J Phys, 2004, 6: 103
Jack B, Padgett M J, Franke-Arnold S. Angular diffraction. New J Phys, 2008, 10: 103013
Bi F, Ba Z, Wang X. Metasurface-based broadband orbital angular momentum generator in millimeter wave region. Opt Express, 2018, 26: 25693
Yu N, Genevet P, Kats M A, et al. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction. Science, 2011, 334: 333–337
Wang Q, Zhang X, Xu Y, et al. A broadband metasurface-based terahertz flat-lens array. Adv Opt Mater, 2015, 3: 779–785
Zang X F, Xu W W, Gu M, et al. Polarization-insensitive metalens with extended focal depth and longitudinal high-tolerance imaging. Adv Opt Mater, 2020, 8: 1901342
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2021YFB2800703, 2017YFA0700202), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61675147), and Sichuan Science and Technology Program of China (Grant No. 2021ZYD0039).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Li J T and Yue Z have the same contribution to this work.
Supporting information
Appendixes A–C. The supporting information is available online at info.scichina.com and link.springer.com. The supporting materials are published as submitted, without typesetting or editing. The responsibility for scientific accuracy and content remains entirely with the authors.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, J., Yue, Z., Li, J. et al. Diverse terahertz wavefront manipulations empowered by the spatially interleaved metasurfaces. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 66, 132301 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3499-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3499-4