Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight, increased risk of stillbirth, conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and neurocognitive deficits. Ventral tegmental area dopamine (DA) neurons in the mesocorticolimbic pathway were suggested to play a critical role in these pathological mechanisms induced by nicotine. Nicotine-mediated changes in genetic expression during pregnancy are of great interest for current researchers. We used patch clamp methods to identify and harvest DA and non-DA neurons separately and assayed them using oligonucleotide arrays to elucidate the alterations in gene expressions in these cells upon gestational nicotine exposure. Microarray analysis identified a set of 135 genes as significantly differentially expressed between DA and non-DA neurons. Some of the genes were found to be related to neurological disease pathways, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Significantly up-/down-regulated genes found in DA neurons were mostly related to G-protein-coupled protein receptor signaling and developmental processes. These alterations in gene expressions may explain, partially at least, the possible pathological mechanisms for the diseases induced by maternal smoking.
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Supplementary Fig. 1
Timeline for the sample collections and presentation of samples used in this study. (PDF 98 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 2
Heatmap displaying the expression fold changes of the 135 differentially expressed genes in DA vs non-DA neurons. (PDF 93 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 3
Compact diagram of working flow of WebGestalt program. (PDF 76 kb)
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Kanlikilicer, P., Zhang, D., Dragomir, A. et al. Gene expression profiling of midbrain dopamine neurons upon gestational nicotine exposure. Med Biol Eng Comput 55, 467–482 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-016-1531-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-016-1531-8