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Development and evaluation of a prototype detector for an intraoperative laparoscopic coincidence imaging system with PET tracers

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International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Conventional positron emission tomography can be used only preoperatively to identify lymph node metastases, and hence, these growths are difficult to locate intraoperatively. Previously, an intraoperative laparoscopic coincidence imaging system, with an external fixed detector array and a detector probe that can be moved and inserted into the stomach, was proposed to identify lymph node metastases during stomach cancer surgery. This paper proposes a prototype detector for this system.

Methods

GAGG:Ce (Gd3Al2Ga3O12:Ce) scintillator crystals, one to one coupled with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), were used to identify 511 keV photons. An optical tracking system followed the position and orientation of the movable detector. SiPM outputs were read out by time-over-threshold (TOT)-based application-specific integrated circuits, which converted the electrical charges into digital pulses. To identify the arrival time, channel number, and pulse width, which indicate the energy information of each TOT output, a data acquisition system was developed based on a field-programmable gate array.

Results

The spatial resolution of the reconstructed images in lateral direction was better than 7 mm, but that of depth direction was limited, owing to inadequate projections. The prototype successfully reconstructed 44 kBq 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose sources during a 2-min scan.

Conclusion

We developed a prototype detector for an intraoperative laparoscopic coincidence imaging system. The prototype detector was evaluated successfully, and the produced images were similar to those obtained in the simulation results, thereby suggesting that this method offers a new possibility of imaging lymph node metastases intraoperatively.

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Funding

This study was partially supported by a grant for the Creation of Innovation Centers for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Areas Program: Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, and grant-in-aid from Delta Electronics, Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Madhushanka R. Liyanaarachchi, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Keiichi Nakagawa & Ichiro Sakuma

  2. Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Kenji Shimazoe & Hiroyuki Takahashi

  3. Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Keiichi Nakagawa, Etsuko Kobayashi & Ichiro Sakuma

  4. Medical Device Development and Regulation Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Ichiro Sakuma

Authors
  1. Madhushanka R. Liyanaarachchi
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  2. Kenji Shimazoe
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  3. Hiroyuki Takahashi
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  4. Keiichi Nakagawa
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  5. Etsuko Kobayashi
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  6. Ichiro Sakuma
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Correspondence to Madhushanka R. Liyanaarachchi.

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Ichiro Sakuma has received a research grant from Delta Electronics, Japan. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Liyanaarachchi, M.R., Shimazoe, K., Takahashi, H. et al. Development and evaluation of a prototype detector for an intraoperative laparoscopic coincidence imaging system with PET tracers. Int J CARS 16, 29–39 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-020-02282-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-020-02282-0

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