Abstract
This paper presents a perceptually tuned subband image coder, which selectively operates on the subbands of an image to achieve good compression ratio. The proposed encoder divides an image into 8 × 8 sub-images and subsequently decomposes each sub-image into four subbands. A just noticeable distortion (JND) model is employed to remove all the perceptually insignificant subbands from the sub-images. The remaining subbands are processed by the subband discrete cosine transform (SBDCT). This reduces the computational cost of the SBDCT without introducing perceptible distortion. To further reduce the perceptual redundancy in the image, an image-dependent quantization matrix is computed from the JND profile of the image. Our simulation results indicate that our proposed encoder outperforms the JPEG baseline coder at bit rates from 0.25 to 0.9 bpp.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Weinberger, M.J., Seroussi, G., Sapiro, G.: The LOCO-I lossless image compression algorithm: principles and standardization into JPEG-LS. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 9(8), 1309–1324 (2000)
Christopoulos, C., Skodras, A., Ebrahimi, T.: The JPEG2000 still image coding system: an overview. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 46(4), 1103–1127 (2000)
Wallace, G.K.: The JPEG still picture compression standard. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 38(1), xviii–xxxiv (1992)
Santa-Cruz, D., Ebrahimi T.: A study of JPEG 2000 still image coding versus other standards. In: Proceedings of the Tenth European Signal Processing Conference, vol. 2, pp. 673–676, September 2000
Jayant, N., Johnston, J., Safranek, R.: Signal compression based on models of human perception. Proc. IEEE 81(10), 1385–1422 (1993)
Safranek, R.J., Johnston, J.D.: A perceptually tuned subband image coder with image dependent quantization and post-quantization compression. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 3, 1945–1948 (1989)
Watson, A.B.: DCT quantization matrices visually optimized for individual images. In: Proceedings of SPIE Human Vision, Visual Processing, Digital Display IV, pp. 202–216, February 1993
Tran, T.D., Safranek, R.: A locally adaptive perceptual masking threshold model for image coding. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 4, 1882–1885 (1996)
Hontsch, I., Karam, L.J.: Locally adaptive perceptual image coding. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 9(9), 1472–1483 (2000)
Hontsch, I., Karam, L.J.: Adaptive image coding with perceptual distortion control. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 11(3), 213–222 (2002)
Chou, C.H., Li, Y.C.: A perceptually tuned subband image coder based on the measure of just-noticeable-distortion profile. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 5(6), 467–476 (1995)
Chou, C.H., Chen, C.W.: A perceptually optimized 3-D subband codec for video communication over wireless channels. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 6(2), 143–156 (1996)
Chiu, Y.J., Berger, T.: A software-only videocodec using pixelwise conditional differential replenishment and perceptual enhancement. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 9(3), 438–450 (1999)
Yang, X.K., Lin, W.S., Lu, Z.K., Ong, E.P., Yao, S.S.: On incorporating just-noticeable-distortion profile into motion-compensated prediction for video compression. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Process. 3, 833–836 (2003)
Yang, X.K., Ling, W.S., Lu, Z.K., Ong, E.P., Yao, S.S.: Just noticeable distortion model and its applications in video coding. Signal Process. Image Commun. 20(7), 662–680 (2005)
Jung, S.H., Mitra, S.K., Mukherjee, D.: Subband DCT: definition, analysis, and applications. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 6(3), 273–286 (1996)
Tan, E.L., Gan, W.S., Wong, M.T.: Practical implementation of subband DCT based coder, IEEE Int’l Symp. Intell. Signal Process. and Commun., pp. 485–488 (2005)
Mannos, J.L., Sakrison, D.J.: The effects of a visual fidelity criterion on the encoding of images. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 20(4), 525–536 (1974)
Information technology—digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: requirements and guidelines, ISO/IEC 10918-1, (1994)
Loeffler, C., Ligtenberg, A., Moschytz, G.S.: Practical fast 1-D DCT algorithms with 11 multiplications. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech, Signal Process. 2, 988–991 (1989)
Johnston, J.D.: A filter family designed for use in quadrature mirror filter banks. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 5, 291–294 (1980)
Muralishankar, R., Sangwan, A., O’Shaughnessy, D.: Theoretical complex cepstrum of DCT and warped DCT filters. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 14(5), 367–370 (2007)
Bhaskaran, V., Konstantinides, K.: Image and Video Compression Standards: Algorithms and Architectures. Kluwer Academic Publishers (1997)
Acknowledgment
The authors wish to thank the reviewers for their constructive comments and suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tan, EL., Gan, WS. Perceptually tuned subband coder for JPEG. J Real-Time Image Proc 6, 101–115 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-009-0145-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-009-0145-x