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Wann sind Lieferaufträge profitabel?

Berücksichtigung des Auftragswertes und der Transportkapazität in der Tourenplanung für die „letzte Meile“ in Ballungsräumen

When are Deliveries Profitable?

Considering Order Value and Transport Capacity in Demand Fulfillment for Last-Mile Deliveries in Metropolitan Areas

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WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK

Zusammenfassung

Der Beitrag zielt auf die Optimierung von Frei-Haus-Belieferungen ab und betrachtet damit das letzte Teilstück der Wertschöpfungskette. Es wird angenommen, dass Handel im E-Commerce letztendlich nur profitabel sein kann, wenn der Gesamtwert der erfüllten Aufträge (im Vergleich zur Maximierung der Anzahl der Aufträge) maximiert wird. Dabei müssen auch die Kosten der Auslieferung berücksichtigt werden. Entscheidend ist, welche Lieferanfragen akzeptiert und welche Lieferzeitfenster welchen Kunden angeboten werden sollen. Diese Frage ist besonders für Frei-Haus-Belieferungen relevant, da Liefergebühren bei engen Lieferzeitfenstern üblicherweise die Lieferkosten nicht ganz kompensieren können. Der Literaturüberblick zeigt, dass die existierenden Auftragsannahmestrategien den Auftragswert oder die erwarteten Lieferkosten ignorieren. Der Beitrag präsentiert einen iterativen Lösungsansatz: Erst wird die erforderliche Transportkapazität unter Berücksichtigung einer Vorhersage von erwarteten Lieferanfragen abgeschätzt. Die erforderliche Transportkapazität fließt in ein kostenminimales Routing ein. Dann werden tatsächlich auftretende Lieferanfragen akzeptiert bzw. abgelehnt. Dabei wird der Gesamtwert der akzeptierten Lieferaufträge unter Berücksichtigung der verfügbaren Transportkapazität maximiert. Auf Basis der akzeptierten Lieferaufträge werden kostenminimale Ausliefertouren generiert. Der präsentierte Lösungsansatz kombiniert etablierte Verfahren der Erlössteuerung mit solchen der zeitabhängigen Tourenplanung. Es wird eine Simulationsstudie für einen deutschen Ballungsraum durchgeführt, um das Potenzial und die Grenzen der wertbasierten Auftragserfüllung sowie ihre Robustheit in Bezug auf Vorhersagegenauigkeit und Nachfragestruktur zu untersuchen.

Abstract

The paper aims to optimize the final part of a firm’s value chain with regard to attended last-mile deliveries. It is assumed that to be profitable, e-commerce businesses need to maximize the overall value of fulfilled orders (rather than their number), while also limiting costs of delivery. To do so, it is essential to decide which delivery requests to accept and which time windows to offer to which consumers. This is especially relevant for attended deliveries, as delivery fees usually cannot fully compensate costs of delivery given tight delivery time windows. The literature review shows that existing order acceptance techniques often ignore either the order value or the expected costs of delivery. The paper presents an iterative solution approach: after calculating an approximate transport capacity based on forecasted are accepted or rejected expected delivery requests and a cost-minimizing routing, actual delivery requests aiming to maximize the overall value of orders given the computed transport capacity. With the final set of accepted requests, the routing solution is updated to minimize costs of delivery. The presented solution approach combines well-known methods from revenue management and time-dependent vehicle routing. In a computational study for a German metropolitan area, the potential and the limits of value-based demand fulfillment as well as its sensitivity regarding forecast accuracy and demand composition are investigated.

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Correspondence to Jan Fabian Ehmke.

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Angenommen nach drei Überarbeitungen durch die Herausgeber des Schwerpunktthemas.

This article is also available in English via http://www.springerlink.com and http://www.bise-journal.org: Cleophas C, Ehmke JF (2014) When are Deliveries Profitable? Considering Order Value and Transport Capacity in Demand Fulfillment for Last-Mile Deliveries in Metropolitan Areas. Bus Inf Syst Eng. doi: 10.1007/s12599-014-0321-9.

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Cleophas, C., Ehmke, J.F. Wann sind Lieferaufträge profitabel?. Wirtschaftsinf 56, 173–184 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11576-014-0412-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11576-014-0412-8

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