Abstract
With the success of Internet video-on-demand (VoD) streaming services, the bandwidth required and the financial cost incurred by the host of the video server becoming extremely large. Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks and proxies are two common ways for reducing the server workload. In this paper, we consider a peer-assisted Internet VoD system with proxies deployed at domain gateways. We formally present the video caching problem with the objectives of reducing the video server workload and avoiding inter-domain traffic, and we obtain its optimal solution. Inspired by theoretical analysis, we develop a practical protocol named PopCap for Internet VoD services. Compared with previous work, PopCap does not require additional infrastructure support, is inexpensive, and able to cope well with the characteristic workloads of Internet VoD services. From simulation-based experiments driven by real-world data sets from YouTube, we find that PopCap can effectively reduce the video server workload, therefore provides a superior performance regarding the video server’s traffic reduction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Almeroth K C, Ammar M H. The use of multicast delivery to provide a scalable and interactive video-on-demand service. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1996, 14(6): 1110–1122
Huang Y, Fu T Z J, Chiu D M, Lui J C S, Huang C. Challenges, design and analysis of a large-scale P2P-vod system. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM’08, Seattle, Aug. 2008
USA Today, 2010. YouTube serves up 100 million videos a day online. http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-07-16-youtubeviews-x.htm
Carter L, 2010. Web could collapse as video demand soars. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1584230/Webcould-collapseas-video-demand-soars.html
Yen Y-W, 2010. YouTube looks for the money clip. http://techland.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2008/03/25/youtubelooks-for-the-moneyclip/
Huang C, Li J, Ross K W. Can internet video-on-demand be profitable? In: Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM’07, Kyoto, Japan, Aug. 2007
Chen S, Shen B, Wee S, Zhang X. Segment-based streaming media proxy: Modeling and optimization. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2006, 8(2): 243–256
Guo L, Chen S, Zhang X. Design and evaluation of a scalable and reliable P2P assisted proxy for on-demand streaming media delivery. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2006, 18(5): 669–682
Cha M, Kwak H, Rodriguez P, Ahn Y Y, Moon S. I tube, you tube, everybody tubes: Analyzing the world’s largest user generated content video system. In: Proceedings of IMC’07, San Diego, CA, USA, Oct. 2007
Cheng X, Liu J. Nettube: Exploring social networks for peer-to-peer short video sharing. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM’09, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Apr. 2009
Gill P, Arlitt M, Li Z, Mahanti A. Youtube traffic characterization: A view from the edge. In: Proceedings of IMC’07, San Diego, CA, USA, Oct. 2007
Guo Y, Suh K, Kurose J, and Towsley D. P2cast: Peer-to-peer patching scheme for vod service. In: Proceedings of www’03, Budapest, Hungary, May 2003
Do T T, Hua K A, Tantaoui M A. P2vod: Peer-to-peer patching scheme for vod service. In: Proceedings of IEEE ICC’04, Paris, France, Jun. 2004
Wang D, Liu J. A dynamic skip list based overlay for on-demand media streaming with vcr interactions. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2008, 19(4): 503–514
Cui Y, Li B, Nahrstedt K. oStream: Asynchronous streaming multicast in application-layer overlay networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2004, 22(1): 91–106
Tian Y, Wu D, Ng K W. A novel caching mechanism for peer-to-peer based media-on-demand streaming. Journal of Systems Architecture, 2008, 54(1–2): 55–69
Ip A T S, Liu J, Lui J C S. Copacc: An architecture of cooperative proxy-client caching system for on-demand media streaming. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2007, 18(1): 70–83
Hefeeda M, Saleh O. Traffic modeling and proportional partial caching for peer-to-peer systems. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2008, 16(6): 1447–1460
Annapureddy S, Guha S, Gkantsidis C, Gunawardena D, Rodriguez P. Exploring vod in P2P swarming systems. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM’07, Anchorage, USA, 2007
Yu H, Zheng D, Zhao B Y, Zheng W. Understanding user behavior in large scale video-on-demand systems. In: Proceedings of EuroSys’06, Leuven, Belgium, Apr. 2006
Guo L, Tan E, Chen S, Xiao Z, Zhang X. The stretched exponential distribution of internet media access patterns. In: Proceedings of ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC’08), Toronto, Canada, Aug. 2008
Hindi H. A tutorial on convex optimization. In: Proceedings of 2004 American Control Conference, Boston, MA, USA, Jun. 2004
Zhang X, Liu J, Li B, Peter Yum T S. Donet/coolstreaming: A data-driven overlay network for live media streaming. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM’05, Miami, FL, USA, Mar. 2005
Gross D, Harris C M. Fundamentals of Queueing Theory. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1985
Stoica I, Morris R, Karger D, Kasashoek M F, Balakrishnan H. Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGMCOMM’01, San Diego, CA, USA, Aug. 2001
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tian, Y., Liu, B. & He, Z. PopCap: popularity oriented proxy caching for peer-assisted Internet video-on-demand streaming services. Front. Comput. Sci. China 4, 500–515 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-010-0347-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-010-0347-1