Abstract
We can perceive the advent of Internet of Things enriched pervasive environments attributed to the fast emerging of embedded and interconnected intelligent devices and sensors. However, most of current pervasive systems are still being developed based on the so-called the system is the application philosophy, causing the developers to take care of all technical details from the ground up. There is relatively little research focuses on building higher-level abstractions so that the burdens of developers can be relieved. The abstraction of a “place,” also known as an “Ambient,” is an essential context information when implementing a pervasive system. The quality of the results of a service composition can be improved if the concept of Ambient is taken into account. This paper aims to investigate the use of Ambient in the pervasive system systematically. We propose several new spatial abstractions and a spatial-aware service management scheme for the Ambient on top of a robust service management protocol. Formal verification, complexity analysis, and experiments are performed to verify the robustness, efficiency, and performance of the proposed approach, respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- UPnP:
-
Universal Plug and Play
- MOM:
-
Message-Oriented Middleware
- PerSAM/PSMP:
-
Pervasive Service Application Model/Pervasive Service Management Protocol
- AST:
-
Ambient Structure Tree
- CSP:
-
Communicating Sequential Processes
- PS:
-
Pervasive Service
- PSM:
-
Pervasive Service Manager
- PH:
-
Pervasive Host
- PHM:
-
Pervasive Host Manager
- BLE:
-
Bluetooth Low Energy
- LM:
-
Life-cycle Management
- PA/LA:
-
Presence Announcement/Leave Announcement
- MQTT:
-
Message Queue Telemetry Transport
References
Banks A, Gupta R (2014) MQTT version 3.1.1. OASIS standard 29. http://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v3.1.1/os/mqtt-v3.1.1-os.html. Accessed 7 Dec 2017
Cardelli L, Gordon AD (1998) Mobile ambients. In: International conference on foundations of software science and computation structure. Springer, pp 140–155
Chatzigiannakis I, Hasemann H, Karnstedt M, Kleine O, Kroller A, Leggieri M, Pfisterer D, Romer K, Truong C (2012) True self-configuration for the IoT. In: 2012 3rd international conference on the internet of things (IoT). IEEE, pp 9–15
Coronato A, De Pietro G (2012) Tools for the rapid prototyping of provably correct ambient intelligence applications. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 38(4):975–991
Dawson-Haggerty S, Jiang X, Tolle G, Ortiz J, Culler D (2010) sMAP: a simple measurement and actuation profile for physical information. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM conference on embedded networked sensor systems. ACM, pp 197–210
Dey AK (2001) Understanding and using context. Pers Ubiquitous Comput 5(1):4–7
Dey AK, Abowd GD et al (2000) The context toolkit: aiding the development of context-aware applications. In: Workshop on software engineering for wearable and pervasive computing, pp 431–441
Dumez C, Bakhouya M, Gaber J, Wack M (2010) Formal specification and verification of service composition using LOTOS. In: Proceedings of the 7th ACM international conference on pervasive services
Edwards WK, Grinter RE (2001) At home with ubiquitous computing: seven challenges. In: International conference on ubiquitous computing. Springer, pp 256–272
Gao L, Zhang C, Sun L (2011) Restful web of things API in sharing sensor data. In: 2011 International Conference on internet technology and applications (iTAP). IEEE, pp 1–4
Gelernter D (1985) Generative communication in linda. ACM Trans Program Lang Syst (TOPLAS) 7(1):80–112
Gomez C, Oller J, Paradells J (2012) Overview and evaluation of bluetooth low energy: an emerging low-power wireless technology. Sensors 12(9):11734–11753
Hoare CAR (1978) Communicating sequential processes. In: Hansen PB (ed) The origin of concurrent programming. Springer, New York, pp 413–443
Jain P, Khanwalkar SS, Malhotra R, Dheenrajappa A, Gupta G, Kobsa A (2016) uBeacon: Configuration based beacon tracking. In: 2016 IEEE international conference on pervasive computing and communication workshops (PerCom workshops). IEEE, pp 1–4
Jain R, Tata S (2017) Cloud to edge: distributed deployment of process-aware IoT applications. In: 2017 IEEE international conference on edge computing (EDGE). IEEE, pp 182–189
Jing Z, Ying J, De-Gui G, Lei L, Cheng-Zhi J (2005) Operational semantics of ambient calculus. In: IEEE international workshop service-oriented system engineering, 2005. SOSE 2005. IEEE, pp 243–250
Johanson B, Fox A (2002) The event heap: a coordination infrastructure for interactive workspaces. In: Proceedings fourth IEEE workshop on mobile computing systems and applications, 2002. IEEE, pp 83–93
Kato T, Miyai A, Higuchi M (2014) Ide for the ambient calculus in distributed environments. In: 2014 international conference on industrial automation, information and communications technology (IAICT). IEEE, pp 83–89
Kwiatkowska M, Milner R, Sassone V (2004) Science for global ubiquitous computing. Bull EATCS 82:325–333
Lamport L (1994) The temporal logic of actions. ACM Trans Program Lang Syst (TOPLAS) 16(3):872–923
Liao CF, Cheng HH, Fu LC (2011a) Unifiable preference expressions for pervasive service composition. In: 2011 IEEE Asia–Pacific services computing conference (APSCC). IEEE, pp 424–431
Liao CF, Jong YW, Fu LC (2011b) Toward reliable service management in message-oriented pervasive systems. IEEE Trans Serv Comput 4(3):183–195
Light R (2013) Mosquitto-an open source mqtt v3. 1 broker. http://mosquitto.org
Lynch NA (1996) Distributed algorithms. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo
Meng Z, Wu Z, Muvianto C, Gray J (2017) A data-oriented M2M messaging mechanism for industrial iot applications. IEEE Internet Things J 4(1):236–246
Milner R (2006) Ubiquitous computing: shall we understand it? Comput J 49(4):383–389
Orebaugh A, Ramirez G, Beale J (2006) Wireshark & Ethereal network protocol analyzer toolkit. Syngress, Rockland
Ranganathan A, Campbell RH (2008) Provably correct pervasive computing environments. In: Sixth annual IEEE international conference on pervasive computing and communications, 2008. PerCom 2008. IEEE, pp 160–169
Román M, Hess C, Cerqueira R, Ranganathan A, Campbell RH, Nahrstedt K (2002) Gaia: a middleware platform for active spaces. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Comput Commun Rev 6(4):65–67
Schmidtke HR, Woo W (2009) Towards ontology-based formal verification methods for context aware systems. In: International conference on pervasive computing. Springer, pp 309–326
Sousa JP (2005) Scaling task management in space and time: reducing user overhead in ubiquitous-computing environments. Technical report, Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie-Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, School of Computer Science
Van Gurp J, Prehofer C, Di Flora C (2008) Experiences with realizing smart space web service applications. In: 5th IEEE consumer communications and networking conference, 2008. CCNC 2008. IEEE, pp 1171–1175
Verma P, Yadav A (2015) Ubiquitous computing: location measurement & configuration. In: 2015 international conference on computing, communication & automation (ICCCA). IEEE, pp 442–445
Acknowledgements
This work was partially sponsored by Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, under Grant 106-2221-E-004-004, 106-3011-E-004-001, and 106-3114-E-004-002.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liao, CF., Fu, HY. Spatial-aware service management in a pervasive environment. SOCA 12, 95–110 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11761-017-0223-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11761-017-0223-z