Abstract
In this paper, a hybrid model which combines genetic algorithm and heuristics like remove-sharp and local-opt with ant colony system (ACS) has been implemented to speed-up convergence as well as positive feedback and optimizes the search space to generate an efficient solution for complex problems. This model is validated with well-known travelling salesman problem (TSP). Finally, performance and complexity analysis show that proposed nested hybrid ACS has faster convergence rate than other standard existing algorithms such as exact and approximation algorithms to reach the optimal solution. The standard TSP problems from the TSP library are also tested and found satisfactory.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dorigo M, Gambardella LM (1996) A study of some properties of ant-Q. In: Voigt HM, Ebeling W, Rechenberg I, Schwefel HS (eds) Proceedings of PPSN IV—fourth international conference on parallel problem solving from nature. Springer, Berlin, pp 656–665
Arora S (1996) Polynomial time approximation schemes for Euclidean TSP and other geometric problems. In: 37th annual symposium on foundations of computer science (Burlington, VT, 1996), IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, pp 2–11
Dorigo M, Birattari M, Stützle T (2006) Ant colony optimization. IEEE Comput Intell Mag 1(4):28–39
Choudhary AK, Sahana SK (2019) Multicast routing: conventional algorithms vs ant colony system. Int J Comput Eng Appl XII:1–6
Sahana SK, Jain A, Mahanti PK (2014) Ant colony optimization for train scheduling: an analysis. IJ Intell Syst Appl 6(2):29–36
Bin Y, Zhong-Zhen B, Yao (2009) An improved ant colony optimization for vehicle routing problem. Eur J Oper Res 196:171–176
Srivastava S, Sahana SK (2016) Nested hybrid evolutionary model for traffic signal optimization. Appl Intell 46(1):1–11
Kumar S, Rao CSP (2009) Application of ant colony, genetic algorithm and data mining-based techniques for scheduling. J Robot Comput Integr Manuf 25(6):901–908
Bersini H, Oury C, Dorigo M (1995) Hybridization of genetic algorithms. Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, technical report no. IRIDIA/95-22
Johnson DS, McGeoch LA, Rothberg EE (1996) Asymptotic experimental analysis for the Held–Karp traveling salesman bound. In: Proceedings of the annual ACM-SIAM symposium on discrete algorithms, pp 341–350
Karp RM (1982) Dynamic programming meets the principle of inclusion and exclusion. Oper Res Lett 1(2):49–51
Gutin G, Zverovich A (2002) Traveling salesman should not be greedy: domination analysis of greedy-type heuristics for the TSP. Discrete Appl Math 117(1–3):81–86
Johnson DS, McGeoch LA (2002) Experimental analysis of heuristics for the STSP. In: Gutin G, Punnen AP (eds) The traveling salesman problem and its variations. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, pp 369–443
Rosenkrantz DJ, Stearns RE, Lewis PM (1977) An analysis of several heuristics for the traveling salesman problem. SIAM J Comput 6(5):563–581
Christofides N (1976) Worst case analysis of a new heuristic for the traveling salesman problem. Graduate School of Industrial Administration, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, technical report 388
Applegate D, Cook W, Rohe A (2003) Chained Lin-Kernighan for large traveling salesman problems. INFORMS J Comput 15:82–92
Freisleben B, Merz P (1996) Genetic local search algorithm for solving symmetric and asymmetric traveling salesman problems. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on evolutionary computation. IEEE Press, Nagoya, pp 616–621
Jayalakshmi G, Rajaram SSathiamoorty,R (2001) A hybrid genetic algorithm—a new approach to solve travelling salesman problem. Int J Comput Eng Sci 2(2):339–355
Takahashi R (2009) A hybrid method of genetic algorithms and ant colony optimization to solve the traveling salesman problem. In: Inter-national conference on machine learning and applications, pp 81–88
Sahana SK, Jain A (2010) A modular hybrid ant colony approach for travelling salesman approach. In: Annual international conference on infocomm technologies in competitive strategies (ICT 2010), Singapore, pp 978–981
Sahana SK, Jain A (2011) An improved modular hybrid ant colony approach for solving travelling salesman problem. GSTF J Comput 1(2):123–127
Tseng S, Tsai C, Chiang M, Yang C (2010) A fast ant colony optimization for travelling salesman problem. In: IEEE congress on evolutionary computation (CEC), Barcelona, pp 1–6
Dong G, Guo WW, Tickle K (2012) Solving the traveling salesman problem using cooperative genetic ant systems. Expert Syst Appl 39(5):5006–5011
Maity S, Roy A, Maiti M (2017) An intelligent hybrid algorithm for 4- dimensional TSP. J Ind Inf Integr 5:39–50
Khanra A, Maiti MK, Maiti M (2015) Profit maximization of TSP through a hybrid algorithm. Comput Ind Eng 88:229–236
Mohsen AM (2016) Annealing ant colony optimization with mutation operator for solving TSP. Comput Intell Neurosci 2016:1–13 (Article ID 8932896)
Dong G, Guo WW (2010) A Cooperative ant colony system and genetic algorithm for TSPs. In: Tan Y, Shi Y, Tan KC (eds) Advances in swarm intelligence. ICSI 2010. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 6145. Springer, Berlin
Gong D, Ruan X (2004) A hybrid approach of GA and ACO for TSP. In: Fifth world congress on intelligent control automation (IEEE cat. no. 04EX788), vol 3, no 2004, pp 2068–2072
Sahana SK, Mohammad ALF, Mahanti PK (2016) Application of modified ant colony optimization (MACO) for multicast routing problem. IJ Intell Syst Appl 8(4):43–48
Srivastava S, Sahana SK, Pant D, Mahanti PK (2015) Hybrid microscopic discrete evolutionary model for traffic signal optimization. J Next Gen Inf Technol 6(2):1–6
Kumari P, Sahana SK (2019) An efficient swarm-based multicast routing technique—review. In: Behera H, Nayak J, Naik B, Abraham A (eds) Computational intelligence in data mining. Advances in intelligent systems and computing, vol 711, pp 123–134
Fogel D (1993) Applying evolutionary programming to selected traveling salesman problems. Cybern Syst Int J 24:27–36
Whitley D, Starkweather D, Fuquay D (1989) Scheduling problems and travelling salesman: the genetic edge recombination operator. In: Schaffer JD (ed) Proceedings of the third international conference on genetic algorithms. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, pp 133–140
Lin FT, Kao CY, Hsu CC (1993) Applying the genetic approach to simulated annealing in solving some NP-hard problems. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 23:1752–1767
Oliver I, Smith D, Holland JR (1987) A study of permutation crossover operators on the travelling salesman problem. In: Grefenstette JJ (ed) Proceedings of the second international conference on genetic algorithms. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 224–230
Eilon S, Watson-Gandy CDT, Christofides N (1969) Distribution management: mathematical modeling and practical analysis. Oper Res Q 20:37–53
Angeniol B, Vaubois GDLC, Texier JYL (1988) Self-organizing feature maps and the traveling salesman problem. Neural Netw 4(1):289–293
Somhom S, Modares A, Enkawa T (1997) A self-organizing model for the traveling salesman problem. J Oper Res Soc 48(4–6):919–928
Pasti R, Castro LND (2006) A neuro-immune network for solving the travelling salesman problem. In: Proceedings of 2006 international joint conference on neural networks, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp 3760–3766
Masutti TAS, Castro LND (2009) A self-organizing neural network using ideas from the immune system to solve the traveling salesman problem. Inf Sci 179(10):1454–1468
Chen S, Chien C (2011) Solving the traveling salesman problem based on the genetic simulated annealing ant colony system with particle swarm optimization techniques. Expert Syst Appl 38:14439–14450
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sahana, S.K. Hybrid optimizer for the travelling salesman problem. Evol. Intel. 12, 179–188 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12065-019-00208-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12065-019-00208-7