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VQ-based algorithms extended to non-embedded watermarking for multimedia ownership prevention systems

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Abstract

This paper presents some novel watermarking approaches that are based on vector quantization and provide ownership protection in gray-level images. Nowadays, information sharing in P2P architecture is immensely involved with knowledge-learning on the Internet. Copyright protection is therefore considered in the studies of P2P systems. The proposed approaches combine images, watermarks, and codebooks together by generating key streams to claim ownership and guarantee the integrity of images. Non-embedded approaches that generate claimed key streams have the benefit of maintaining the authorized image in its original state without any modifications. Compared to Lin et al.’s method, our approaches save both running time and space for storage. Moreover, in order to provide broader applications of image protection, robust watermark and fragile watermark strategies are proposed. The experimental results show that these strategies are effective.

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Notes

  1. In Lin et al.’s paper, the equation is defined as Secret = Index mod \( \left[ {\sum\limits_{i=0}^{t-1 } {{2^i}} } \right] \). However, this is an error. For example, when t is 2, the possible secrets are 0, 1, and 2. Thus, watermark bits (11)2 will never be correlated to any block.

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Acknowledgments

This research was partially supported by the National Science Council of the Republic of China under the Grants NSC 101-2218-E-008-003-, NSC 101-2221-E-153-002-MY2, and NSC 100-2221-E-015-001-MY2.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 320

    Wei-Jen Wang & Cheng-Ta Huang

  2. Department of Computer Science, National Pingtung University of Education, Pingtung, Taiwan, 900

    Cheng-Hsing Yang

  3. Department of Information Management, Central Police University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333

    Shiuh-Jeng Wang

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  1. Wei-Jen Wang
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  2. Cheng-Ta Huang
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  3. Cheng-Hsing Yang
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  4. Shiuh-Jeng Wang
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Correspondence to Shiuh-Jeng Wang.

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Wang, WJ., Huang, CT., Yang, CH. et al. VQ-based algorithms extended to non-embedded watermarking for multimedia ownership prevention systems. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 7, 676–686 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-012-0191-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-012-0191-1

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