Abstract
Two fundamental and persistent problems that still confront BitTorrent are unfairness and free riding. This paper proposes O-Torrent, a P2P content distribution mechanism that is derived in principal from BitTorrent. O-Torrent deploys the concept of unidirectional transfers among groups of peers who are arranged in rings. Each peer in O-Torrent can construct one ring and admit peers to it. A peer who constructs a ring becomes its father and hence its administrator. O-Torrent is fair, each peer must upload and participate in the sharing process in order to download. It implements an effective Serve/Request incentive mechanism which enhances the robustness of the mechanism. Furthermore, our results suggest that O-Torrent performs more effectively in punishing free riding behavior and provides better performance than BitTorrent.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Assuming that the ring contains a complete copy of the content and thus the request will be directly fulfilled. Otherwise, the peer keeps requesting a segment he is missing until his request is fulfilled.
Blacklisting is not applied on aged peers in the ring.
Initially, the peers in this phase of the simulation are connected to 5 rings and 5 peers for O-Torrent and BitTorrent respectively.
References
Andrade N, Mowbray M, Lima A, Wagner G, Ripeanu M (2005) Influences on cooperation in BitTorrent communities. In: Proceedings of the 3rd workshop on economics of P2P systems. P2P Econ
Bharambe A, Herley C, Padmanabhan V (2005) Analyzing and improving BitTorrent performance. Technical Report MSR-TR-2005-03, Microsoft Research, Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052 USA
BitComet. http://www.bitcomet.com/
BitTorrent. http://www.bittorrent.com
Braun PJ, Sipos M, Ekler P, Charaf H (2015) Increasing data distribution in BitTorrent networks by using network coding techniques. In: 21th European wireless conference; proceedings of European Wireless 2015. Budapest
Burger V, Lehrieder F, Hossfeld T, And J (2012) Seedorf: Who profits from P2P file sharing? In: 2012 24th International on traffic optimization potential in BitTorrent swarms teletraffic congress (ITC 24), pp 1,8
Bustamante F, Qiao Y (2003) Friendships that last: Peer lifespan and its role in P2P protocols. In: 8th International workshop on web content caching and distribution. Hawthorne. http://2003.iwcw.org/papers/bustamante.pdf
Cohen B (2003) Incentives to build robustness in BitTorrent. In: Proceedings of the 1st workshop on economics of peer-to-peer systems
Fattaholmanan A, Rabiee H (2015) A large-scale active measurement study on the effectiveness of piece-attack on BitTorrent networks. IEEE Trans Dependable Secure Comput PP(99):1–1
Feldman M, Chuang J (July 2005) Overcoming free riding behavior in P2P systems. In: Proceedings of the ACM Sigecom exchanges vol 6, issue 1
Guo L, Chen S, Xiao Z, Tan E, Ding X, Zhang X (2005) Measurements, analysis, and modeling of BitTorrent-like systems. In: Proceedings of the IMC
Guo L, Chen S, Xiao Z, Tan E, Ding X, Zhang X (2007) A performance study of BitTorrent-like. Peer-to-Peer Syst IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 25(1)
Guraya MK, Bajwa RS, Vicino D, Lung CH (2015) The assessment of BitTorrent’s performance using SDN in a mesh topology. In: 2015 6th International conference on the network of the future (NOF). Montreal, pp 1–3
Jun S, Ahamad M (2005) Incentives in BitTorrent induce free riding. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on economics of P2P systems. P2PECON
Kondo D, Lee H, Nakao A (2015) Content piece rarity aware in-network caching for BitTorrent. In: 2015 IEEE Global communications conference (GLOBECOM). San Diego, pp 1–6
KTorrent. http://ktorrent.pwsp.net/
Kwong K, Tsang D (2007) Application-aware topology formation algorithm for P2P networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on communications (ICC)
Kwong K, Tsang D (2008) Building heterogeneous P2P networks: Protocol and analysis. IEEE Trans Netw 16:281–292
Li M, Yu J, Wu J (2008) Free-riding on BitTorrent-Like P2P File sharing systems: Modeling analysis and improvement. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 19(7):954–966
Liogkas N, Nelson R, Kohler E, Zhang L (2006) Exploiting BitTorrent for fun (but not profit). In: Proceedings of the 5th international workshop on P2P systems
Moore R, Morrell C, Marchany R, Tron JG (2015) Utilizing the BitTorrent DHT for blind rendezvous and information exchange. In: Military communications conference, MILCOM 2015 - 2015 IEEE. Tampa, pp 1560–1565
Naghizadeh A, Razeghi B, Radmanesh I, Hatamian M, Ebrahimi Atani R, Norudi ZN (2015) Counter attack to free-riders: Filling a security hole in BitTorrent. In: 2015 IEEE 12th International conference on protocol, networking, sensing and control (ICNSC). Taipei, pp 128–133
Piatek M, Isdal T, Anderson T, Krishnamurthy A (2007) Do incentives build robustness in BitTorrent? In: Proceedings of the 4th USENIX symposium on networked systems design and implementation, pp 1–14
Qi L, Fenglin Q, Liansheng G (2011) Modeling and analysis of free riding in P2P streaming systems. In: 2011 6th International ICST conference on communications and networking in China (CHINACOM), pp 780,784
Rubenstein D, Sahu S (2005) Can unstructured P2P protocols survive flash crowds? IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 13(3):501–512. doi:10.1109/TNET.2005.845530
Saroiu S, Gummadi P, Gribble S (2002) A measurement study of P2P file sharing systems inproceedings of multimedia computing and networking (MMCN)
Saroiu S, Gummadi PK, Gribble S (2002) A measurement study of peer-to-peer file sharing systems. In: Multimedia computing and networking (MMCN ’02). http://www.cs.washington.edu/homes/gribble/papers/mmcn.pdf
Shin K, Reeves D, Injong R (2009) Treat-before-trick: Free-riding prevention for BitTorrent-like P2P networks. In: IEEE International symposium on parallel and distributed processing 2009. IPDPS 2009, pp 1,12
Srivastava S, Gupta V, Yadav R, Kant K (2012) Controlling free riding using extended point based incentive mechanism in peer-to-peer networks. In: 2012 Third international conference on computer and communication technology (ICCCT), pp 200,205
Stutzbach D, Rejaie R (2004) Towards a better understanding of churn in peer-to-peer networks. Tech. Rep. UO-CIS-TR-04-06, Department of Computer Science, University of Oregon. http://www.barsoom.org/~agthorr/papers/tr04-06.pdf
Thommes R, Coates M (2005) Bittorrent fairness: Analysis and improvements. In: Proceedings of workshop internet, telecom and signal proc.. Noosa
μ Torrent. http://www.utorrent.com/
Yao Y, Tian Y, Liu W, Song J (2015) A mixture distribution based system in BitTorrent-Like P2P networks. In: 2015 IEEE 21st International conference on parallel and distributed systems (ICPADS). Melbourne
Yu J, Li M, Wu J (2007) Modeling analysis and improvement for free-riding on BitTorrent-like file sharing systems. In: International conference on parallel processing workshops 2007. ICPPW 2007, pp 53,53
Zhang B, Iosup A, Pouwelse J, Epema D (2011) Identifying, analyzing, and modeling flash crowds in BitTorrent. In: 2011 IEEE International conference on peer-to-peer computing (P2P), pp 240,249. doi:10.1109/P2P.2011.6038742
Zhang H, Vasudevan S, Li R, Towsley D (2015) Coalitions improve performance in data swarming systems. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 23(6):1790–1804
Zghaibeh M, Harmantzis F (2008) Revisiting free riding and the Tit-for-Tat in BitTorrent: A measurement study. J Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl. doi:10.1007/s12083-008-0013-7
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zghaibeh, M. O-Torrent: A fair, robust, and free riding resistant P2P content distribution mechanism. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 11, 579–591 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-017-0563-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-017-0563-7