Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Two-tiered relay node placement for WSN-based home health monitoring system

  • Published:
Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Motivated by the needs of health monitoring at home (or a senior center) using a sensor network system, we study the problem of how to place the relay nodes so that the data collection and localization requirements of the monitoring system can be satisfied. By exploiting the inherent nature of the problem, we model it as finding a minimum connected k-dominating (k ≥ 3) set. Instead of using an idealistic disk radio model, we explicitly take into account the obstacles’ effect on the radio propagation in an indoor environment. We prove that the problem is NP-hard and propose an efficient greedy algorithm ORPA (Optimal Relay Placement Algorithm) to compute in polynomial time the best locations to place the relays. Results of extensive simulations have shown that by using our proposed algorithm ORPA, the number of relays required can be substantially reduced in comparison to the random placement and two-stage placement strategies. We also study the impact of the transmission power and the grid size on the algorithm and system performance. The result and method presented in the paper is useful to today’s indoor deployment of practical WSN-based monitoring system and to ensure network connectivity with minimal relay nodes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. The connectivity requirement is defined as the percentage of relays that are connected.

References

  1. Suryadevara NK, Mukhopadhyay SC (2012) Wireless sensor network based home monitoring system for wellness determination of elderly. IEEE Sensors J 12(6):1965–1972

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Hung K, Lee C, Choy S-O (2015) Ubiquitous health monitoring: integration of wearable sensors, novel sensing techniques, and body sensor networks. In: Adibi S (eds) Mobile Health. Springer series in bio-/neuroinformatics, vol 5. Springer, Cham, pp.319–242

  3. Yang D, Misra S, Fang X, Xue G, Zhang J (2012) Two-tiered constrained relay node placement in wireless sensor networks: computational complexity and efficient approximations. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 11 (8):1399–1411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bagaa M, Chelli A, Djenouri D, Taleb T, Balasingham I, Kansanen K (2017) Optimal placement of relay nodes over limited positions in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 16(4):2205–2219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Misra S, Hong S, Xue G, Tang J (2010) Constrained relay node placement in wireless sensor networks: formulation and approximations. IEEE/ACM Trans Networking 18(2):434–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hao B, Tang H, Xue G (2004) Fault-tolerant relay node placement in wireless sensor networks: formulation and approximation. In: IEEE workshop on high performance switching and routing (HPSR), pp 246–250

  7. Liu H, Wan P-J, Jia X (2005) Fault-tolerant relay node placement in wireless sensor networks. In: Computing and combinatorics, ser. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 3595, pp 230–239

  8. Lloyd E, Xue G (2007) Relay node placement in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans Comput 56(1):134–138

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Srinivas A, Zussman G, Modiano E (2009) Construction and maintenance of wireless mobile backbone networks. IEEE/ACM Trans Networking 17(1):239–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ma C, Liang W, Zheng M, Sharif H (2016) A connectivity-aware approximation algorithm for relay node placement in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sensors J 16(2):515–528

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang H, Hou J (2005) Maintaining sensing coverage and connectivity in large sensor networks. Ad Hoc and Sensor Wireless Networks 1(1-2):89–124

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bai X, Xuan D, Yun Z, Lai T, Jia W (2008) Complete optimal deployment patterns for full-coverage and k-connectivity (k6) wireless sensor networks. In: ACM MobiHoc, pp 401–410

  13. Bai X, Yun Z, Xuan D, Jia W, Zhao W (2010) Pattern mutation in wireless sensor deployment. In: IEEE INFOCOM, pp 1–9

  14. Roselin J, Latha P, Benitta S (2017) Maximizing the wireless sensor networks lifetime through energy efficient connected coverage. Ad Hoc Netw 62:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Shang W, Wan P, Yao F, Hu X (2007) Algorithms for minimum m-connected k-tuple dominating set problem. Theor Comput Sci 381(1):241–247

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Wu Y, Wang F, Thai MT, Li Y (2007) Constructing k-connected m-dominating sets in wireless sensor networks. In: IEEE military communications conference (MILCOM), pp 1–7

  17. Shang W, Yao F, Wan P, Hu X (2008) On minimum m-connected k-dominating set problem in unit disc graphs. J Comb Optim 16(2):99–106

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Wu Y, Li Y (2008) Construction algorithms for k-connected m-dominating sets in wireless sensor networks. In: The 9th ACM international symposium on mobile Ad hoc networking and computing, pp 83–90

  19. Wang Z, Cao Q, Qi H, Chen H, Wang Q (2017) Cost-effective barrier coverage formation in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Netw 64:65–79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang Z, Chen H, Cao Q, Qi H, Wang Z, Wang Q (2017) Achieving location error tolerant barrier coverage for wireless sensor networks. Comput Netw 112:314–328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Xue C, Zhu Y, Ni L, Li M, Li B (2012) Optimal relay placement for indoor sensor networks. In: IEEE DCOSS, pp 209–215

  22. Calinescu G, Grimmer B, Misra S, Tongngam S, Xue G, Zhang W (2016) Improved approximation algorithms for single-tiered relay placement. J Comb Optim 31(3):1280–1297

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Lin G, Xue G (1999) Steiner tree problem with minimum number of steiner points and bounded edge-length. Inf Process Lett 69(2): 53–57

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Chen D, Du D, Hu X, Lin G, Wang L, Xue G (2000) Approximations for steiner trees with minimum number of steiner points. J Glob Optim 18:17–33

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Cheng X, Du D, Wang L, Xu B (2008) Relay sensor placement in wireless sensor networks. Wirel Netw 14(3):347–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Senel F, Younis M (2016) Novel relay node placement algorithms for establishing connected topologies. J Netw Comput Appl 70:114–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Shakkottai S, Srikant R, Shroff N (2003) Unreliable sensor grids: coverage, connectivity and diameter. In: IEEE INFOCOM 2003, vol 2, pp 1073–1083

  28. Zhou Z, Das S, Gupta H (2004) Connected k-coverage problem in sensor networks. In: 13th international conference on computer communications and networks (ICCCN), pp 373–378

  29. Gupta H, Zhou Z, Das S, Gu Q (2006) Connected sensor cover: self-organization of sensor networks for efficient query execution. IEEE/ACM Trans Networking 14(1):55–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Zamalloa M, Krishnamachari B (2007) An analysis of unreliability and asymmetry in low-power wireless links. ACM Trans on Sensor Networks 3(2):1–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Chipara O, Hackmann G, Lu C, Smart W, Roman G (2010) Practical modeling and prediction of radio coverage of indoor sensor networks. In: ACM/IEEE IPSN, pp 339–349

  32. Li Y, Song Y-Q, Schott R, Wang Z, Sun Y (2008) Impact of link unreliability and asymmetry on the quality of connectivity in large-scale sensor networks. Sensors 8(10):6674–6691

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Al-Turjman FM, Hassanein HS, Ibnkahla MA (2013) Efficient deployment of wireless sensor networks targeting environment monitoring applications. Comput Commun 36(2):135– 148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. IEEE Std 802.15.4 (2006) Part 15.4: wireless medium access (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications for low-rate wireless personal area networks (WPANs). [Online]. Available: https://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/802.15.4-2006.html (accessed on Feb 8, 2018)

  35. Gary MR, Johnson DS (1979) Computers and intractability: a guide to the theory of NP-completeness. WH Freeman and Company, New York

    Google Scholar 

  36. Telosb datasheet. [Online]. Available: http://www.willow.co.uk/TelosB_Datasheet.pdf (accessed on Feb 8, 2018)

  37. Gnawali O, Fonseca R, Jamieson K, Kazandjieva M, Moss D, Levis P (2013) CTP: an efficient, robust, and reliable collection tree protocol for wireless sensor networks. ACM Trans on Sensor Networks 10(1):1–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of China under grant Nos. 61772472, 61472367 and 61473109 Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under grant No.LY17F020020, and French ANR project IDEFIX under grant No. ANR-13-INFR-0006, a part the work was carried out at LINCS (www.lincs.fr).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China

    Yanjun Li & Kaikai Chi

  2. The Nokia Bell-Labs, 91620, Nozay, France

    Chung Shue Chen

  3. LINCS, 75013, Paris, France

    Chung Shue Chen

  4. School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China

    Jianhui Zhang

Authors
  1. Yanjun Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chung Shue Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kaikai Chi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jianhui Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yanjun Li.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection: Special Issue on Network Coverage

Guest Editors: Shibo He, Dong-Hoon Shin, and Yuanchao Shu

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, Y., Chen, C.S., Chi, K. et al. Two-tiered relay node placement for WSN-based home health monitoring system. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 12, 589–603 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-018-0638-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-018-0638-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation