Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A delay-constrained node-disjoint multipath routing in software-defined vehicular networks

  • Published:
Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Data routing processing in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) with some QoS constraints, including delay bound and limited bandwidth, is an NP-Hard problem. Routing efficiency can be enhanced if more information is applied in routing decisions. Software-defined networks (SDNs) optimize network resources such as bandwidth by providing a global perspective of vehicular network topology, improving routing performance. This paper proposes a new method using the SDN integrated into vehicular networks. In this method, the controller nodes compute the r-least-cost node-disjoint path by having a global view of vehicles' information and trade-offs among the delay bound and path utility. The path utility factor is calculated based on the vehicles' residual bandwidth, packet congestion level, and link stability. In addition, according to the application type, packet size, requirement bandwidth, and delay bound of application, a priority-based scheduling algorithm is proposed. The proposed method calculates disjoint paths by considering the path utility factor and prioritizing the applications in data routing processing, which can react appropriately to increased traffic, continuous topological changes, and link interruptions in VANETs. The efficiency of the proposed method is superior against other methods in the literature in scenarios with different vehicle densities and various traffic loads in terms of data packet delivery fraction, average end-to-end delay, throughput, and normalized routing load through simulation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Srivastava A, Prakash A, Tripathi R (2020) Location based routing protocols in VANET: Issues and existing solutions. Veh Commun 23:100231

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lee M, Atkison T (2021) VANET applications: Past, present, and future. Veh Commun 28:100310

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cunha F, Villas L, Boukerche A, Maia G, Viana A, Mini RAF, Loureiro AAF (2016) Data communication in VANETs: Survey, applications and challenges. Ad Hoc Netw 44:90–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Jaballah WB, Conti M, Lal C (2019) A survey on software-defined VANETs: Benefits, challenges, and future directions. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.04577

  5. Trivedi H, Tanwar S, Thakkar P (2018) Software defined network-based vehicular ad hoc networks for intelligent transportation system: Recent advances and future challenges. In International Conference on Futuristic Trends in Network and Communication Technologies, Springer, pp 325–337

  6. Kadhim AJ, Seno SH (2019) Energy-efficient multicast routing protocol based on SDN and fog computing for vehicular networks. Ad Hoc Netw 85:68–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Forsati R, Haghighat AT, Mahdavi M (2008) Harmony search-based algorithms for bandwidth-delay-constrained least-cost multicast routing. Comput Commun (Elsevier) 31:2505–2519

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Xue GL (2003) Minimum-cost QoS multicast and unicast routing in communication netwolrks. IEEE Trans Commun 51(5):817–824

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Periyasamy P, Karthikeyan E (2017) End-to-end link reliable energy efficient multipath routing for mobile ad hoc networks. Wirel Pers Commun 92(3):825–841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Alzamzami O, Mahgoub I (2020) Link utility aware geographic routing for urban VANETs using two-hop neighbor information. Ad Hoc Netw 106:102213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hu L, Ding Z, Shi H (2012) An improved GPSR routing strategy in VANET. In Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), 2012 8th International Conference on, IEEE. pp 1–4

  12. Chahal M, Harit S (2019) Optimal path for data dissemination in Vehicular Ad Hoc, Networks using meta-heuristic. Comput Electr Eng 76:40–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Jaiswal RK (2020) Position-based routing protocol using Kalman filter as a prediction module for vehicular ad hoc networks. Comput Electr Eng 83:106599

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Naderi M, Zargari F, Ghanbari M (2019) Adaptive beacon broadcast in opportunistic routing for VANETs. Ad Hoc Netw 86:119–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Latif S, Mahfooz S, Jan B, Ahmad N, Cao Y, Asif M (2018) A comparative study of scenario-driven multi-hop broadcast protocols for VANETs. Veh Commun 12:88–109

    Google Scholar 

  16. Naderi M, Zargari F, Sadatpour V, Ghanbari M (2017) A 3-parameter routing cost function for improving opportunistic routing performance in VANETs. Wireless Pers Commun 97(1):1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hanshi SM, Wan T-C, Kadhum MM, Bin-Salem AA (2018) Review of geographic forwarding strategies for inter-vehicular communications from mobility and environment perspectives. Veh Commun 14:64–79

    Google Scholar 

  18. Marina MK, Das SR (2006) Ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing. Wirel Commun Mob Comput 6(7):969–988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Perkins CE, Royer EM (1999) Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing. In Proceedings of IEEE workshop on mobile computing systems and applications, New Orleans, LA (pp 90–100)

  20. Chahal M, Harit S, Mishra K-K, Sangaiah A-K, Zheng Zh (2017) A survey on software-defined networking in vehicular ad hoc networks: Challenges, applications and use cases, s. Sustain Cities Soc 35:830–840

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Al-Heety OS, Zakaria Z, Ismail M, Shakir MM, Alani S, Alsariera H (2020) A comprehensive survey: Benefits, services, recent works, challenges, security and use cases for SDN-VANET. IEEE Access 8:91028–91047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Islam MM, Khan MTR, Saad MM, Kim D (2020) Software-defined vehicular network (SDVN): A survey on architecture and routing. J Syst Archit 114:101961

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. He Z, Zhang D, Zhu S, Cao J Liu X (2016) SDN enabled high performance multicast in vehicular networks. In 2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), pp 1–5

  24. Baihong D, Weigang W, Zhiwei Y, Junjie L (2017) Software defined networking based on-demand routing protocol in vehicle ad⁃hoc networks. ZTE Commun 15(2):11–18

    Google Scholar 

  25. Chahal M, Harit S (2019) Network selection and data dissemination in heterogeneous software-defined vehicular network. Comput Netw 161:32–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ji X, Xu W, Zhang C, Liu B (2020) A three-level routing hierarchy in improved SDN-MEC-VANET architecture. In 2020 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), pp 1–7

  27. Correia S, Boukerche A, Meneguette RI (2017) An architecture for hierarchical software-defined vehicular networks. IEEE Commun Mag 55(7):80–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Aujla GS, Chaudhary R, Kumar N, Rodrigues JJPC, Vinel A (2017) Data offloading in 5G-enabled software-defined vehicular networks: A stackelberg-game-based approach. IEEE Commun Mag 55(8):100–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Sahebgharani S, Shahverdy M (2012) A scheduling algorithm for downloading data from RSU using multicast technique. IEEE Ninth International Conference on Information Technology-New Generations, pp 809–814

  30. Qafzezi E, Bylykbashi K, Ikeda M, Matsuo K, Barolli L (2020) Coordination and management of cloud fog and edge resources in SDN-VANETs using fuzzy logic: A comparison study for two fuzzy-based systems. Internet Things 11:100169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Bhatiaa J, Davea R, Bhayania H, Tanwarb S, Nayyarc A (2020) SDN-based real-time urban traffic analysis in VANET environment. Comput Commun 149:162–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Balta M, Özçelik İ (2020) A 3-stage fuzzy-decision tree model for traffic signal optimization in urban city via a SDN based VANET architecture. Futur Gener Comput Syst 104:142–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Huang C-M, Lin S-Y, Wu Z-Y (2020) The k-hop-limited V2V2I VANET data offloading using the Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) mechanism. Veh Commun 26:100268

    Google Scholar 

  34. Noorani N, Seno SAH (2020) SDN- and fog computing-based switchable routing using path stability estimation for vehicular ad hoc networks. Peer Peer Netw Appl 13(3):948–964

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Jinyao Y, Hailong ZH, Qianjun SH, Bo L, Xia G (2015) HiQoS: An SDN-based multipath QoS solution. China Commun 12(5):123–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Jiawei W, Xiuquan Q, Guoshun N (2018) Dynamic and adaptive multipath routing algorithm based on software-defined network. Int J Distrib Sens Netw 14(10):1550147718805689

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Chen S, Song M, Sahni S (2008) Two techniques for fast computation of constrained shortest paths. IEEE/ACM Trans Networking 16(1):105–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Aljohani SL, Alenazi MF (2021) MPResiSDN: Multipath resilient routing scheme for SDN-enabled smart cities networks. Appl Sci 11(4):1900

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Singh PK, Sharma S, Nandi SK, Nandi S (2019) Multipath TCP for V2I communication in SDN controlled small cell deployment of smart city. Veh Commun 15:1–15

    Google Scholar 

  40. Dutra DC, Bagaa M, Taleb T, Samdanis K (2017) Ensuring end-to-end QoS based on multi-paths routing using SDN technology. In 2017 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2017 (IEEE Global Communications Conference). IEEE, pp 1–6

  41. Egilmez HE, Dane ST, Bagci KT, Tekalp AM (2012) Open-qos: An openflow controller design for multimedia delivery with end-to-end quality of service over software-defined networks. In the 2012 Asia Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, pp 1–8

  42. Zhu Y, Zheng WX (2019) Observer-based control for cyber physical systems with periodic DoS attacks via a cyclic switching strategy. IEEE Trans Autom Control 65(8):3714–3721

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  43. Saleet H, Basir O, Langar R, Boutaba R (2010) Region-based location-service management protocol for VANETs. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 59(2):917–931

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Elappila M, Chinara S, Parhi D (2018) Survivable path routing in WSN for IoT applications. Pervasive Mob Comput 43:49–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Huynh T-T, Dinh-Duc A-V, Tran C-H (2016) Delay-constrained energy-efficient cluster-based multi-hop routing in wireless sensor networks. J Commun Netw 18(4):580–588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Dupont B (2011)Improvements in VANET Simulator in NS-3. Masters Project, Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University

  47. Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO), https://sumo.dlr.de/wiki/Simulation_of_Urban_MObility-Wiki

  48. Zhu Y, Zhong Zh, Zheng WX, Zhou D (2017) HMM-Based H∞ Filtering for Discrete-Time Markov Jump LPV Systems Over Unreliable Communication Channels. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Syst 48(12):2036–2046

    Google Scholar 

  49. Tariq B, Alsaqour R, Alawi M, Abdelhaq M, Sundararajan E (2018) Robust and trust dynamic mobile gateway selection in heterogeneous vanet-umts network. Veh Commun 12:75–87

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Mahsa MalekiTabar

  2. Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan

    Amir Masoud Rahmani

Authors
  1. Mahsa MalekiTabar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amir Masoud Rahmani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed equally to this manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amir Masoud Rahmani.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest/Competing interests

There is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

MalekiTabar, M., Rahmani, A.M. A delay-constrained node-disjoint multipath routing in software-defined vehicular networks. Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl. 15, 1452–1472 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-022-01304-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-022-01304-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation