Abstract
In interaction and interface design, the representation of continuous processes often uses liquid metaphors, such as dripping or streaming. When an auditory display of such processes is required, an approach to sound-synthesis based on the physics of liquids in motion would be the most convincing, especially when real-time interaction is into play. In order to bridge the complexity of fluid-dynamic simulations with the needs of interactive sonification, we propose a multi-rate sound synthesis of liquid phenomena. Low-rate smoothed-particle hydrodynamics is used to model liquids in motion and to trigger sound-emitting events. Such events, such as solid-liquid collision, or bubble formation, are synthesized at audio rate. The proposed method is applied to the two important cases of liquid falling into a vessel, and of solid object falling into a liquid. Some example applications in interaction design are presented.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cabe P, Pittenger J (2000) Human sensitivity to acoustic information from vessel filling. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 26(1):313–324
Cirio G, Marchal M, Hillaire S, Lecuyer A (2010) Six degrees-of-freedom haptic interaction with fluids. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 99 (PrePrints). http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/TVCG.2010.271
Delle Monache S, Polotti P, Papetti S, Rocchesso D (2007) Gamelunch: A physics-based sonic dining table. In: Proceedings of the international computer music conference (ICMC), pp 41–44
Delle Monache S, Polotti P, Rocchesso D (2010) A toolkit for explorations in sonic interaction design. In: Proceedings of the 5th audio mostly conference: a conference on interaction with sound, AM’10. ACM, New York, pp 1–7. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1859799.1859800
van den Doel K (2005) Physically-based models for liquid sounds. ACM Trans Appl Percept 2(4):534–546
van den Doel K, Kry P, Pai K (2001) Foleyautomatic: Physically-based sound effects for interactive simulation and animation. In: Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH 01, pp 537–544
Dourish P (2004) Where the action is: the foundations of embodied interaction. MIT Press, Cambridge
Drioli C, Rocchesso D (2009) Acoustic rendering of particle-based simulation of liquids in motion. In: DAFX-09: proceedings of the 12th international conference on digital audio effects
Ekman I, Rinott M (2010) Using vocal sketching for designing sonic interactions. In: Proceedings of the 8th ACM conference on designing interactive systems, DIS ’10. ACM, New York, pp 123–131. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1858171.1858195
Enright D, Marschner S, Fedkiw R (2002) Animation and rendering of complex water surfaces. In: SIGGRAPH ’02: Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques. ACM, New York, pp 736–744. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/566570.566645
Farnell A (2010) Designing Sound. MIT Press, Cambridge
Franz GJ (1959) Splashes as sources of sound in liquids. J Acoust Soc Am 31(8):1080–1096. http://link.aip.org/link/?JAS/31/1080/1
Gekle S, Peters I, Gordillo JM, van der Meer D, Lohse D (2010) Supersonic air flow due to solid-liquid impact. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(2):024501. http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.024501
Means SL, Heitmeyer RM (2001) Low-frequency sound generation by an individual open-ocean breaking wave. J Acoust Soc Am 110(2):761–768 http://link.aip.org/link/?JAS/110/761/1
Minnaert M (1933) On musical air bubbles and the sounds of running water. Philos Mag 16:235–248
Moss W, Yeh H, Hong JM, Lin MC, Manocha D (2009) Harmonic fluids. ACM Trans Graph (SIGGRAPH 2009) 28(3):1–12
Moss W, Yeh H, Hong JM, Lin MC, Manocha D (2010) Sounding liquids: Automatic sound synthesis from fluid simulation. ACM Trans Graph (SIGGRAPH 2010) 29(3):1–13. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1805964.1805965
Muller M, Charypar D, Gross M (2003) Particle-based fluid simulation for interactive applications. In: Proc ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics 03, pp 154–159
Nystuen JA, Ostwald Jr LH, Medwin H (1992) The hydroacoustics of a raindrop impact. J Acoust Soc Am 92(2):1017–1021 http://link.aip.org/link/?JAS/92/1017/1
Peltola L, Erkut C, Cook PR, Välimäki V (2007) Synthesis of hand clapping sounds. IEEE Trans Audio, Speech Language Proc 15(3):1021–1029. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4100694
Polotti P, Delle Monache S, Papetti S, Rocchesso D (2008) Gamelunch: forging a dining experience through sound. In: CHI’08 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, CHI EA’08. ACM, New York, pp 2281–2286. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1358628.1358670
Pumphrey HC, Crum LA, Bjorno L (1989) Underwater sound produced by individual drop impacts and rainfall. J Acoust Soc Am 85(4):1518–1526. http://link.aip.org/link/?JAS/85/1518/1
Rath M, Rocchesso D (2005) Continuous sonic feedback from a rolling ball. IEEE Multimed 12(2):60–69. doi:10.1109/MMUL.2005.24
Rein M (1993) Phenomena of liquid drop impact on solid and liquid surfaces. Fluid Dyn Res 12(2):61–93. doi:10.1016/0169-5983(93)90106-K
Richardson EG (1948) The impact of a solid on a liquid surface. Proc Phys Soc 61(3):352
Rocchesso D, Bresin R, Fernström M (2003) Sounding objects. IEEE Multimed 10(2):42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MMUL.2003.1195160
Rocchesso D, Bresin R, Fernström M (2003) Sounding objects. IEEE Multimed 10:42–52. doi:10.1109/MMUL.2003.1195160
Rocchesso D, Fontana F (eds) (2003) The sounding object. Mondo Estremo
Rocchesso D, Polotti P, Delle Monache S (2009) Designing continuous sonic interaction. Int J Des 3(3):13–25. http://www.ijdesign.org/ojs/index.php/IJDesign/article/view/620/271
Visell Y, Cooperstock J, Giordano B, Franinovic K, Law A, McAdams S, Jathal K, Fontana F (2008) A vibrotactile device for display of virtual ground materials in walking. In: Ferre M (ed) Haptics: perception, devices and scenarios. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 5024. Springer, Berlin, pp 420–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69057-3_55. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69057-3_55
aus der Wiesche S (2003) Computational slosh dynamics: theory and industrial application. Comput Mech 30:374–387
Dobashi Y, Yamamoto T, Nishita T (2003) Real-time rendering of aerodynamic sound using sound textures based on computational fluid dynamics. ACM Trans Graph 22(3):732–740 (Proc. SIGGRAPH2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Drioli, C., Rocchesso, D. Acoustic rendering of particle-based simulation of liquids in motion. J Multimodal User Interfaces 5, 187–195 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12193-011-0063-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12193-011-0063-7