Abstract
The interaction between Members of Parliament (MPs) is convention-based and rule-regulated. As instantiations of individual and group confrontations, parliamentary debates display well-regulated competing discursive processes. Unauthorised interruptions are spontaneous verbal reactions of MPs who interrupt the current speaker. This paper focuses on the answers of the current speaker to these disruptions. It introduces an annotation scheme for a political debate dataset which is mainly in the form of video annotations and audio annotations. The annotations contain information ranging from general linguistic to domain specific information. Some is annotated with automatic tools, and some is manually annotated. One of the goals is to use the information to predict the categories of the answers by the speaker to the disruptions. A typology of such answers is proposed and an automatic categorization system based on a multimodal parametrization is successfully performed.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Multimodal Discourse Analysis.
French national Assembly regulations, chapter XII, article 34, updated version 12/2011.
Experiments were carried out with the version 3.7.3 of weka, by using the J48 algorithm, with the following options: -U (disable pruning) and -M 2 (at least 2 instances per leave).
References
Bavelas J-B, Chovil N, Coates L, Roe L (1995) Gestures specialized for dialogue. Personal Soc Psychol Bull 21:394–405
Bertrand R, Portes C, Sabio F (2007) Distribution syntaxique, discursive et interactionnelle des contours intonatifs du français dans un corpus de conversation. Travaux neuchâtelois de linguistique 47:59–77
Bevitori C (2004) Interruptions in British and Italian parliamentary debates. In Bayley Pe (ed) Cross-cultural perspectives on parliamentary discourse, vol vi, pp 87–109
Beyssade C, Marandin J-M (2007) French intonation and attitude attribution. In: Denis et al (eds) Texas Linguistics Society conference: issues at the semantics-pragmatics interface, Somerville, MA. Cascadilla Press, Somerville
Bigi B, Meunier C, Nesterenko I, Bertrand R (2010) Automatic detection of syllable boundaries in spontaneous speech. In: Language Resource and Evaluation Conference, La Valetta, Malte
Bigi B, Péri P, Bertrand R (2012) Orthographic transcription: which enrichment is required for phonetization? In: Language resources and evaluation conference, Istanbul, Turkey, pp 1756–1763. ISBN 978-2-9517408-7-7
Blache P, Bertrand R, Bigi B, Bruno E, Cela E, Espesser R, Ferré G, Guardiola M, Hirst D, Magro E-P, Martin J-C, Meunier C, Morel M-A, Murisasco E, Nesterenko I, Nocera P, Pallaud B, Prévot L, Priego-Valverde B, Seinturier J, Tan N, Tellier M, Rauzy S (2010) Multimodal annotation of conversational data. In: The fourth linguistic annotation workshop, Uppsala, Suède
Blache P, Rauzy S (2008) Influence de la qualité de l’étiquetage sur le chunking: une corrélation dépendant de la taille des chunks. In: Actes de TALN, Avignon, pp 290–299
Blanche-Benveniste C, Jeanjean C (1987) Le français parlé. Transcription et édition, Didier Erudition
Boersma P, Weenink D (2011) Praat: doing phonetics by computer. http://www.praat.org
Carbó T (1992) Towards an interpretation of interruptions in mexican parliamentary discourse. Discourse& Society 3(1):25–45
Chau M, Cheng R, Kao B (2005) Uncertain data mining: a new research direction. In: Workshop on the Sciences of the Artificial, Hualien, Taiwan
Delattre P (1966) Les dix intonations de base du francais. The French Review, vol 40
Di Cristo A (1999) Le cadre accentuel du français contemporain. Langues 3(2):184–205, 4(2):258–267
Holmes G, Donkin A, Witten I-H (1994) Weka: a machine learning workbench. In: Second Australian and New Zealand conference on intelligent information systems. Intelligent, Information Systems, pp 357–361
Ilie C (2004) Interruption patterns in British parliamentary debates and drama dialogue. Dialoganalyse IX - Dialogue in Literature and the Media, pp 311–326
Ilie C (2006) Parliamentary discourses. Encyclop Lang Linguist 9:188–197
Jewitt C (2009) Handbook of multimodal analysis. Routledge, London
Jun S-A, Fougeron C (2000) A phonological model of french intonation. Intonation: analysis, modelling and technology
Jun S-A, Fougeron C (2000) Realizations of accentual phrase in french. Probus 14:147–172
Kerbrat-Orecchioni C (1990) Les interactions verbales. Armand Colin, Paris
Kipp M (2001) Anvil—a generic annotation tool for multimodal dialogue. In: 7th European conference on speech communication and technology, Scandinavia, pp 1367–1370
La Cascia M, Sethi S, Sclaroff S (1998) Combining textual and visual cues for content-based image retrieval on the world wide web. In: IEEE workshop on content-based access of image and video libraries, Washington, DC, USA
Lavesson N, Davidsson P (2006) Quantifying the impact of learning algorithm parameter tuning. In: The twenty-first national conference on artificial intelligence, Boston, USA
Lee C-C, Lee S, Narayanan S (2008) An analysis of multi-modal cues of interruption in dyadic spoken interactions. In: Interspeech, Brisbane, Australia
Liang C, Zhang Y, Song Q (2010) Decision tree for dynamic and uncertain data streams. In: 2nd Asian conference on machine learning, vol 3, Tokyo, Japan, pp 209–224
Liang L-C (2001) Visualizing spoken discourse: prosodic form and discourse function of interruptions. In: Second SIGdial workshop on discourse and dialog, vol 16, pp 1–10
McNeill D (1992) Hand and mind: what gestures reveal about thought. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago
McNeill D (2005) Gesture and thought. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago
O’Halloran K (2011) Multimodal discourse analysis. Companion to Discourse, pp 120–137
Perelman C, Olbrechts-Tyteca L (2008) Traite de l’argumentation. Bruxelles, Editions de l’Universite de Bruxelles, [1958]
Qin B, Xia Y, Sathyesh R, Prabhakar S, Tu Y (2010) urule: a rule-based classification system for uncertain data. In: 10th IEEE international conference on data mining workshops, Sydney, Australia, pp 1415–1418
Quinlan J-R (1993) C4.5: programs for machine learning. Morgan Kaufman, San Francisco
Ren J, Lee S-D, Chen X, Kao B, Cheng R, Cheung D-W-L (2009) Naive bayes classification of uncertain data. In: Ninth IEEE international conference on data mining, pp 944–949
Rohlfing K, Loehr D, Duncan S, Brown A, Franklin A, Kimbarra I (2006) Comparison of multimodal annotation tools—workshop report. In: Online-Zeitschrift zur Verbalen Interaktion, Ausgabe, vol 7, pp 99–123
Saar-Tsechansky M, Provost F (2007) Handling missing values when applying classification models. J Mach Learn Res 8:1625–1657
Sandre M (2009) Analyse d’un dysfonctionnement interactionnel—l’interruption—dans le debat de l’entre-deux tours de l’election presidentielle de 2007. Mots, Les Langages du politique 89:69–81
Steuckardt A (2012) Decrire la reformulation : le parametre rhetorique. Cahiers de praxematique 52:159–172
Traverso V (2002) Replique, p 502. Dictionnaire d’analyse de discours. Patrick Charaudeau et Dominique Maingueneau (eds) Seuil, Paris
Wittenburg P, Brugman H, Russel A, Klassmann A, Sloetjes H (2006) Elan: a professional framework for multimodality research
Yang F, Heeman P (2007) Avoiding and resolving initiative conflicts in dialog. In: NAACL HLT, Rochester, NY
Zhi Q, Kaynak MN, Sengupta K, Cheok A-D, Ko C-C (2001) HMM modeling for audio-visual speech recognition. In: IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo (ICME’01), Los Alamitos, CA, USA. IEEE Computer Society, pp 136–139
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bigi, B., Portes, C., Steuckardt, A. et al. A multimodal study of answers to disruptions. J Multimodal User Interfaces 7, 55–66 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12193-012-0110-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12193-012-0110-z