Skip to main content
Log in

Visualization of crowd synchronization on footbridges

  • Regular Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Visualization Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper proposes a framework for the visualization of crowd walking synchronization on footbridges. The bridge is modeled as a mass-spring system, which is a weakly damped and driven harmonic oscillator. Both the bridge and the pedestrians walking on the bridge are affected by the movement of each other. The crowd acts according to local behavioral rules. Each pedestrian is provided with a kinematic walking system. We extend a current mathematical model of crowd synchronization on footbridges to include human walking model and crowd simulation techniques. We run experiments to evaluate the influence of these extensions on synchronization.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ashida K, Lee S, Allbeck J, Sun H, Badler N, Metaxas D (2001) Pedestrians: creating agent behaviors through statistical analysis of observation data. In: Proceedings of IEEE conference on computer animation, pp 84–92

  • Blue V, Adler J (2000) Cellular automata model of emergent collective bi-directional pedestrian dynamics. In: Proceedings of artificial life VII, pp 437–445

  • Bruderlin A, Calvert T (1989) Goal-directed, dynamic animation of human walking. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH, pp 233–242

  • Caprioli A, Reynolds P, Vanali M, Zappa E (2006) Comparison of the effects of a moving crowd on different grandstands during similar events. In: 24th International modal analysis conference (IMAC XXIV)

  • Chen Sl (2003) Animating human walking. Available at http://www.ugcs.caltech.edu/shang/cs174/walking_report.pdf. Accessed April 2009

  • Dallard P, Fitzpatrick T, Flint A, Low A, Smith RR, Willford M, Roche M (2001) London millennium bridge: pedestrian-induced lateral vibration. J Bridge Eng 6(6):412–417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eckhardt B, Ott E, McRobie A (2007) Modeling walker synchronization on the millennium bridge. Phys Rev E 75(2):021110

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Farenc N, Musse SR, Schweiss E (2000) A paradigm for controlling virtual humans in urban environment simulations. Appl Artif Intell 14:69–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Funge J, Tu X, Terzopoulos D (1999) Cognitive modeling: knowledge, reasoning and planning for intelligent characters. ACM Comp Graph (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH’99), pp 29–38

  • Hauksson F (2005) Dynamic behaviour of footbridges subjected to pedestrian-induced vibrations. Master’s thesis, Lund University, Sweden

  • Helbing D, Farkas I, Vicsek T (2000) Simulating dynamical features of escape panic. Nature 407:487–480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodgins JK, Wooten WL, Brogan DC, O’Brien JF (1995) Animating human athletes. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH, pp 71–78

  • Ko H, Badler NI (1996) Animating human locomotion with inverse dynamics. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 16(2):50–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Multon F, France L, Cani-Gasguel P, Debunne G (1999) Computer animation of human walking: a survey. J Vis Comput Animat 10:39–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Musse SR, Thalmann D (2001) Hierarchical model for real time simulation of virtual human crowds. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 7(2):152–164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura S (2004) Model for lateral excitation of footbridges by synchronous walking. J Struct Eng 131(7):1150–1151

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelechano N, Allbeck J, Badler N (2007) Controlling individual agents in high-density crowd simulation. In: Proceedings of the Eurographics/ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on computer animation, pp 99–108

  • Reynolds CW (1987) Flocks, herds and schools: a distributed behavioral model. ACM Comput Graph (Proceedings of SIGGRAPH’87) 21(4):25–34

  • Schreckenber M (2001) Pedestrian and evacuation dynamics. Springer, New York

  • Shao W, Terzopoulos D (2007) Autonomous pedestrians. Graph Models 69(5–6):246–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strogatz S, Abrams D, McRobie A, Eckhardt B, Ott E (2005) Crowd synchrony on the millennium bridge. Nature 438(3):43–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Treuille A, Cooper S, Popovic Z (2006) Continuum crowds. ACM Trans Graph (SIGGRAPH ’06) 25(3):1160–1168

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the Scientific and Research Council of Turkey (TÜB\(\dot{\hbox{I}}\) TAK) under Project Code EEE-AG 104E029. We would like to thank N. Pelechano et al. for providing us with the implementation of the HiDAC crowd simulation system.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Uğur Güdükbay.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

MPG 26,860 kb

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Durupınar, F., Güdükbay, U. Visualization of crowd synchronization on footbridges. J Vis 13, 69–77 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-009-0012-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-009-0012-7

Keywords

Navigation