Abstract
We experimentally investigated the influence of a head shape of a solid body plunging into water on splash formation. Three different head shapes were tested: a hemisphere, cone, and circular cylinder. A hemisphere as a tail shape is common to all three head shapes. We captured images of splash formation using a high-speed CMOS camera. We found that a film flow generated at an early stage when a body impacts the water surface influences subsequent events until the splash sequence is completed. We explain the origin of the film flow according to the principle of conservation of momentum. The film flow as the primary splash originates from water displaced by the head. The meridian line, which connects the head to the tail of the body, affects separation of the film flow and causes the secondary splash. The air cavity generated when the body plunges into the water is also influenced by the head shape. The tertiary splash is formed by a reaction of the air cavity, which is detached from the body. We found that the secondary dome-type splash obstructs growth of the tertiary splash. Thus, we conclude that the head shape affects all events of the splash.
Graphical Abstract
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akers B, Belmote A (2006) Impact dynamics of a solid sphere falling into a viscoelastic micellar fluid. J Non-Newton Fluid Mech 135:97–108
Bejan A, Gobin D (2006) Constructal theory of droplet impact theory. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 49:2412–2419
Bussmann M, Chandra S, Mostaghimi J (2000) Modeling the splash of a droplet impacting a solid surface. Phys Fluids 12:3121–3132
Do-Quang M, Amberg G (2009) The splash of a solid sphere impacting on a liquid surface: numerical simulation of the influence of wetting. Phys Fluids 21:022102-1–022102-13
Duez CY, Clanet C, Bocquet L (2007) Making a splash with water repellency. Nat Phys 3:180–183
Kubota Y, Mochizuki O (2009) Splash formation by a spherical body plunging into water. J Vis 12:339–345
Truscott TT, Techt AH (2006) Cavity formation in the wake of spinning of sphere impacting the free surface. Phys Fluids 18:091113-1
von Karman (1929) The impact on seaplane floats during landing. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics Technical Note 321
Worthington AM (1882) On impact with a liquid surface. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 34:217–230
Yoon SS, Jepsen RA, Nissen MR, O’Hern TJ (2007) Experimental investigation on splashing and nonlinear fingerlike instability of large water drops. J Fluids Struct 23:101–115
Yoshida T (1997) Critical breakup of a liquid droplet due to airstreams. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers B 63:3580–3587
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kubota, Y., Mochizuki, O. Influence of head shape of solid body plunging into water on splash formation. J Vis 14, 111–119 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-011-0071-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-011-0071-4