Abstract
Breakup of circular and elliptical liquid jets in subsonic gaseous crossflows is experimentally studied using shadowgraph technique. The experiments are performed at gaseous Weber numbers less than 15, the liquid-to-gas momentum flux ratio between 50 and 320, and the orifice aspect ratio between 0.22 and 4.47. It is found that in addition to the momentum flux ratio, the orifice aspect ratio can change the liquid penetration height significantly. For a fixed momentum flux ratio, the penetration of elliptical jets is less than that of circular jet. Moreover, for a given momentum flux ratio and Weber number, the column breakup location of elliptical jets is earlier than that of circular jet. Empirical correlations for the penetration height as well as the column breakup location of circular and elliptical jets are developed in this study.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amini G, Dolatabadi A (2012) Axis-switching and breakup of low-speed elliptic liquid jets. Int J Multiph Flow 42:96–103
Bechtel SE, Cooper JA, Forest MG, Petersson NA, Reichard DL, Saleh A, Venkataramanan V (1995) A new model to determine dynamic surface tension and elongational viscosity using oscillating jet measurements. J Fluid Mech 293:379–403
Broumand M, Birouk M (2017) Effect of nozzle-exit conditions on the near-field characteristics of a transverse liquid jet in a subsonic uniform cross airflow. Phys Fluids 29:113303
Broumand M, Rigby G, Birouk M (2017) Effect of nozzle exit turbulence on the column trajectory and breakup location of a transverse liquid jet in a gaseous flow. Flow Turbul Combust 99:153–171
Farvardin E (2013) Biodiesel spray characterization: a combined numerical and experimental analysis. PhD Thesis, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
Farvardin E, Dolatabadi A (2012) Breakup simulation of elliptical liquid jet in gaseous crossflow. In: AIAA 2012–2817
Farvardin E, Johnson M, Alaee H, Martinez A, Dolatabadi A (2013) Comparative study of biodiesel and diesel jets in gaseous crossflow. J Propuls Power 29(6):1292–1302
Herrmann M (2010) Detailed numerical simulations of the primary atomization of a turbulent liquid jet in crossflow. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 132:061506
Herrmann M, Arienti M, Soteriou M (2011) The impact of density ratio on the liquid core dynamics of a turbulent liquid jet injected into a crossflow. J Eng Gas Turbines Power 133:061501
Jabbari F, Jadidi M, Wuthrich R, Dolatabadi A (2014) A numerical study of suspension injection in plasma spraying process. J Therm Spray Technol 23:3–13
Jadidi M, Moghtadernejad S, Dolatabadi A (2015) A comprehensive review on fluid dynamics and transport of suspension/liquid droplets and particles in high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray. Coatings 5(4):576–645. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings5040576
Jadidi M, Moghtadernejad S, Dolatabadi A (2016) Penetration and breakup of liquid jet in transverse free air jet with application in suspension-solution thermal sprays. Mater Des 110:425–435
Jadidi M, Moghtadernejad S, Dolatabadi A (2017) Numerical simulation of primary breakup of round nonturbulent liquid jets in shear-laden gaseous crossflow. At Sprays 27(3):227–250
Kasyap TV, Sivakumar D, Raghunandan BN (2009) Flow and breakup characteristics of elliptical liquid jets. Int J Multiph Flow 35:8–19
Ku KW, Hong JG, Lee CW (2011) Effect of internal flow structure in circular and elliptical nozzles on spray characteristics. At Sprays 21:655–672
Lee K, Aalburg C, Diez F, Faeth GM, Sallam KA (2007) Primary breakup of turbulent round liquid jets in uniform crossflows. AIAA J 45(8):1907–1916
Li X, Soteriou MC (2016) High fidelity simulation and analysis of liquid jet atomization in a gaseous crossflow at intermediate Weber numbers. Phys Fluids 28:082101
Lubarsky E, Shcherbik D, Bibik O, Gopala Y, Zinn BT (2012) Fuel jet in cross flow—experimental study of spray characteristics. In: Oh HW (ed) Advanced fluid dynamics. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/26045
Marzbali M (2011) Penetration of circular and elliptical liquid jets into gaseous crossflow: a combined theoretical and numerical study. MS Thesis, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
Masuda BJ, Hack RL, McDonell VG, Oskam GK, Cramb DJ (2005) Some observations of liquid jets in crossflow. In: Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on liquid atomization and spray systems, ILASS Americas, Irvine, California, USA, 22–25 May 2005
Mazallon J, Dai Z, Faeth GM (1998) Aerodynamics primary breakup at the surface of nonturbulent round liquid jets in crossflow. In: Proceedings of the 36th aerospace sciences meeting and exhibit, AIAA, Reno, Nevada, USA, 12–15 January 1998
Morad MR, Khosrobeygi H (2019) Penetration of elliptical liquid jets in low-speed crossflow. J Fluids Eng 141:011301
Ng CL, Sankarakrishinan R, Sallam KA (2008) Bag breakup of nonturbulent liquid jets in crossflow. Int J Multiph Flow 34(3):241–259
No SY (2015) A review on empirical correlations for jet/spray trajectory of liquid jet in uniform cross flow. Int J Spray Combust Dyn 7:283–314
Sallam KA, Aalburg C, Faeth GM (2004) Breakup of round nonturbulent liquid jets in gaseous crossflow. AIAA J 42(12):2529–2540
Sharma P, Fang T (2014) Breakup of liquid jets from non-circular orifices. Exp Fluid 55:1666
Song J, Ahn K, Kim MK, Yoon Y (2011) Effects of orifice internal flow on liquid jets in subsonic crossflows. J Propuls Power 27(3):608–619
Surya Prakash R, Sinha A, Tomar G, Ravikrishna RV (2018) Liquid jet in crossflow—effect of liquid entry conditions. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 93:45–56
Wang F, Fang T (2015) Liquid jet breakup for non-circular orifices under low pressures. Int J Multiph Flow 72:248–262
Wang XH, Huang Y, Wang SL, Liu ZL (2012) Bag breakup of turbulent liquid jets in crossflows. AIAA J 50(6):1360–1366
Wu PK, Kirkendall KA, Fuller RP, Nejad AS (1997) Breakup processes of liquid jets in subsonic crossflows. J Propuls Power 13(1):64–72
Wu L, Wang Z, Li Q, Li C (2016) Study on transient structure characteristics of round liquid jet in supersonic crossflows. J Vis 19:337–341
Xiao F, Dianat M, McGuirk JJ (2013) Large eddy simulation of liquid-jet primary breakup in air crossflow. AIAA J 51:2878–2893
Yu S, Yin B, Deng W, Jia H, Ye Z, Xu B, Xu H (2018) Internal flow and spray characteristics for elliptical orifice with large aspect ratio under typical diesel engine operation conditions. Fuel 228:62–73
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by Concordia University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jadidi, M., Sreekumar, V. & Dolatabadi, A. Breakup of elliptical liquid jets in gaseous crossflows at low Weber numbers. J Vis 22, 259–271 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-018-0537-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-018-0537-8