Skip to main content
Log in

A cognitive-based AES model towards learning written English

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The task of teaching written English has become increasingly important nowadays with the rapid development of internet techniques. Automated essay scoring (AES) systems are established to relieve the stresses on the teachers. But most of them are weak in individualization and incrementally knowledge base. This paper proposes a cognitive-based AES (CAES) model to deal with these issues. It is composed of three parts: sensory acquisition, score analyzer and background knowledge constructor. Sensory acquisition, similar to the eyes of human, is in charge of acquiring basic contents from essays. Background knowledge constructor is responsible for organizing historical contents of essays. Score analyzer is the central part to coordinate the other two parts and in charge of rating essays and giving individualized feedback to students. Experiments have been conducted to validate the accuracy of the proposed CAES model.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agrawal R, Srikant R (1994) Fast algorithms for mining association rules. In: Proceedings of the 20th international conference on very large data bases, pp 487–499

  • Anderson RC, Ortony A (1975) On putting apples into bottles—a problem of polysemy. Cogn Psychol 7(2):167–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson JR, Bothell D, Byrne MD, Douglass S, Lebiere C, Qin Y (2004) An integrated theory of the mind. Psychol Rev 111(4):1036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson RC, Shiffrin RM (1968) Human memory: a proposed system and its control processes. Psychol Learn Motiv 2:89–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baddeley A (1992) Working memory. Science 255(5044):556–559

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blei DM, Ng AY, Jordan MI (2003) Latent dirichlet allocation. J Mach Learn Res 3:993–1022

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Burstein J (2003) The E-rater® scoring engine: automated essay scoring with natural language processing. In: Shermis MD, Burstein J (eds) Automated essay scoring: a cross-disciplinary perspective. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, pp 113–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Burstein J, Chodorow M (1999) Automated essay scoring for nonnative English speakers. In: Proceedings of a symposium on computer mediated language assessment and evaluation in natural language processing. association for computational linguistics, pp 68–75

  • Burstein J, Marcu D, Andreyev S, Chodorow M (2001) Towards automatic classification of discourse elements in essays. In: Proceedings of the 39th annual meeting on association for computational linguistics, association for computational linguistics, pp 98–105

  • Dumais ST (2004) Latent semantic analysis. Inf Sci Technol 38(1):188–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliot S (2003) IntelliMetric: from here to validity. In: Shermis MD, Burstein J (eds) Automated essay scoring: a cross-disciplinary perspective. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, pp 71–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman SR, Varma S, Cote N (1996) Extending capacity-constrained construction-integration: toward ‘smarter’ and flexible models of text comprehension. Models Underst Text:73–114

  • Greene SB, Gerrig RJ, McKoon G, Ratcliff R (1994) Unheralded pronouns and management by common ground. J Mem Lang 33(4):511–526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hearst MA (2000) The debate on automated essay grading. IEEE Intell Syst Appl 15(5):22–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer TK (2003) Automated scoring and annotation of essays with the Intelligent Essay Assessor. In: Shermis MD, Burstein J (eds) Automated essay scoring: a cross-disciplinary perspective. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, pp 87–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Li L (2018) Sentiment-enhanced learning model for online language learning system. Electron Commer Res 18:23–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKoon G, Ratcliff R (1992) Inference during reading. Psychol Rev 99(3):440–466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Page EB (2003) Project essay grade: PEG. In: Shermis MD, Burstein J (eds) Automated essay scoring: a cross-disciplinary perspective. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, pp 43–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen-Zvi M, Griffiths T, Steyvers M, Smyth P (2004) The author-topic model for authors and documents. In: Proceedings of the 20th conference on uncertainty in artificial intelligence, AUAI Press, pp 487–494

  • Rudner L, Gagne P (2001) An overview of three approaches to scoring written essays by computer. Pract Assess Res Eval 7(26):1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudner LM, Liang T (2002) Automated essay scoring using Bayes’ theorem. J Technol Learn Assess 1(2):3–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudner LM, Garcia V, Welch C (2006) An evaluation of IntelliMetric™ essay scoring system. J Technol Learn Assess 4(4)

  • Salton G, Buckley C (1988) Term-weighting approaches in automatic text retrieval. Inf Process Manag 24(5):513–523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salton G, Wong A, Yang CS (1975) A vector space model for automatic indexing. Commun ACM 8(11):613–620

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Shermis MD, Burstein J, Higgins D, Zechner K (2010) Automated essay scoring: writing assessment and instruction. Int Encycl Educ 4(1):20–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snaider J, McCall R, Franklin S (2011) The LIDA framework as a general tool for AGI. In: Proceedings of international conference on artificial general intelligence. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 133–142

  • Sun R (2005) The CLARION cognitive architecture: extending cognitive modeling to social simulation. In: Sun R (ed) Cognition and Multi-Agent Interaction: From Cognitive Modeling to Social Simulation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 79–100. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511610721.005

  • Van den Broek P (2010) Using texts in science education: cognitive processes and knowledge representation. Science 328(5977):453–456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Broek P, Rapp DN, Kendeou P (2005) Integrating memory-based and constructionist processes in accounts of reading comprehension. Discourse Process 39(2–3):299–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waugh NC, Norman DA (1965) Primary memory. Psychol Rev 72(2):89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei X, Luo X, Li Q, Zhang J, Xu Z (2015) Online comment-based hotel quality automatic assessment using improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and fuzzy cognitive map. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 23(1):72–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei X, Zhang J, Zeng DD, Li Q (2016) A multi-level text representation model within background knowledge based on human cognitive process for big data analysis. Clust Comput 19(3):1475–1487

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wei X, Zeng DD, Luo X (2018) Concept evolution analysis based on the dissipative structure of concept semantic space. Future Gen Comput Syst 81:384–394

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Research work reported in this paper was supported by the Science Foundation of Shanghai under Grant no. 16ZR1435500.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Li Li.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, L., Sugumaran, V. A cognitive-based AES model towards learning written English. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 10, 1811–1820 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-018-0743-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-018-0743-1

Keywords

Navigation