Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hybrid opportunistic and position-based routing protocol in vehicular ad hoc networks

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are kind of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) which are used to provide communications between mobile vehicles in urban and highway scenario. Due to special characteristics of VANETs such as dynamic topology, frequent disconnection, high vehicular speed and propagation model, designing an efficient routing scheme is one of the most important key issues. In this paper, we propose a hybrid opportunistic and position-based routing protocol in VANETs by considering parameters such as position of nodes, link quality and node density. The proposed method uses a greedy forwarding scheme, in which a sender vehicle chooses a neighbor node with the highest geographical progress to increase the least number of hops between source node and destination vehicle node. Based on opportunistic and position based strategy, the proposed scheme selects optimal candidate nodes and determines appropriate priority for transmitting data. Also, the proposed scheme determines and removes the expired nodes from the routing process. The simulation results in ns-2 indicate performance improvement in terms of packet delivery rate (PDR), throughput and end-to-end delay.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alzamzami O, Mahgoub I (2018) Fuzzy logic-based geographic routing for urban vehicular networks using link quality and achievable throughput estimations. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2018.2867177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Azari L, Ghaffari A (2015) Proposing a novel method based on network-coding for optimizing error recovery in wireless sensor networks. Indian J Sci Technol 8:859–867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bazzi A, Zanella A (2016) Position based routing in crowd sensing vehicular networks. Ad Hoc Netw 36:409–424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cai X, He Y, Zhao C, Zhu L, Li C (2014) LSGO: link state aware geographic opportunistic routing protocol for VANETs. EURASIP J Wirel Commun Netw 2014:96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen C, Liu L, Qiu T, Yang K, Gong F, Song H (2018) ASGR: an artificial spider-web-based geographic routing in heterogeneous vehicular networks. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 99:1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunha F, Villas L, Boukerche A, Maia G, Viana A, Mini RA, Loureiro AA (2016) Data communication in VANETs: protocols, applications and challenges. Ad Hoc Netw 44:90–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Couto DS, Aguayo D, Bicket J, Morris R (2005) A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing. Wirel Netw 11:419–434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evropeytsev G, Hernández SEP, Cruz JRP, Henríquez LMR, Domínguez EL (2019) A scalable indirect position-based causal diffusion protocol for vehicular networks. IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2893157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaffari A (2014) Designing a wireless sensor network for ocean status notification system. Indian J Sci Technol 7:809–814

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghaffari A (2015) Congestion control mechanisms in wireless sensor networks: a survey. J Netw Comput Appl 52:101–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaffari A (2017) Real-time routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks using reinforcement learning and heuristic algorithms. Wirel Netw 23:703–714

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaffari A, Rahmani A (2008) Fault tolerant model for data dissemination in wireless sensor networks. In: IEEE international symposium on information technology, ITSim 2008, pp 1–8

  • Ghaffari A, Takanloo VA (2011) QoS-based routing protocol with load balancing for wireless multimedia sensor networks using genetic algorithm. World Appl Sci J 15:1659–1666

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghasemnezhad S, Ghaffari A (2018) Fuzzy logic based reliable and real-time routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. Wirel Pers Commun 98:593–611

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurung S, Chauhan S (2018) A novel approach for mitigating route request flooding attack in MANET. Wirel Netw 24:2899–2914

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hassan AN, Abdullah AH, Kaiwartya O, Cao Y, Sheet DK (2018) Multi-metric geographic routing for vehicular ad hoc networks. Wirel Netw 24:2763–2779

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi R, Shokrollahi S (2018) PGRP: predictive geographic routing protocol for VANETs. Comput Netw 141:67–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • KeyKhosravi D, Ghaffari A, Hosseinalipour A, Khasragi BA (2010) New clustering protocol to decrease probability failure nodes and increasing the lifetime in WSNs. Int J Adv Comput Technol 2:117–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim S (2016) Timed bargaining-based opportunistic routing model for dynamic vehicular ad hoc network. EURASIP J Wirel Commun Netw 2016:14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee KC, Lee U, Gerla M (2010) Geo-opportunistic routing for vehicular networks. IEEE Commun Mag 48:164–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lei T, Wang S, Li J, Yang F (2017) A cooperative route choice approach via virtual vehicle in IoV. VEH Commun 9:281–287

    Google Scholar 

  • Leontiadis I, Mascolo C (2007) GeOpps: geographical opportunistic routing for vehicular networks. In: IEEE international symposium on a world of wireless, mobile and multimedia networks, pp 1–6

  • Li F, Wang Y (2007) Routing in vehicular ad hoc networks: a survey. IEEE Veh Technol Mag 2:12–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Mohaisen A, Zhang Z-L (2013) Trading optimality for scalability in large-scale opportunistic routing. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 62:2253–2263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li N, Martínez-Ortega J-F, Díaz VH, Fernandez JAS (2018) Probability prediction-based reliable and efficient opportunistic routing algorithm for VANETs. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw (TON) 26:1933–1947

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Wan J, Wang Q, Deng P, Zhou K, Qiao Y (2016) A survey on position-based routing for vehicular ad hoc networks. Telecommun Syst 62:15–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Wan J, Zeng B, Wang Q, Song H, Qiu M (2017) A scalable and quick-response software defined vehicular network assisted by mobile edge computing. IEEE Commun Mag 55:94–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu L, Chen C, Ren Z, Yu FR (2018) An intersection-based geographic routing with transmission quality guaranteed in urban VANETs. In: IEEE international conference on communications (ICC), pp 1–6

  • Mirjazaee N, Moghim N (2015) An opportunistic routing based on symmetrical traffic distribution in vehicular networks. Comput Electr Eng 47:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naderi M, Zargari F, Ghanbari M (2019) Adaptive beacon broadcast in opportunistic routing for VANETs. Ad Hoc Netw 86:119–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Namboodiri V, Gao L (2007) Prediction-based routing for vehicular ad hoc. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 56:2332–2345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saleh AI, Gamel SA, Abo-Al-Ez KM (2017) A reliable routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks. Comput Electr Eng 64:473–495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wan C, Zhang J (2017) Efficient identity-based data transmission for VANET. J Ambient Intell Hum Comput 9:1861–1871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang S-S, Lin Y-S (2013) PassCAR: a passive clustering aided routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks. Comput Commun 36:170–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Zhao Q, Zhang N, Lei T, Yang F (2018) Virtual vehicle coordination for vehicles as ambient sensing platforms. IEEE Access 6:11940–11952

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie Y, Bao J, Song Z, Zhou Y (2016) A hybrid opportunistic routing scheme based on nodes grouping strategy for VANETs in urban scenarios. In: 25th Wireless and optical communication conference (WOCC). IEEE, pp 1–5

  • Yousefi S, Altman E, El-Azouzi R, Fathy M (2008) Improving connectivity in vehicular ad hoc networks: an analytical study. Comput Commun 31:1653–1659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu D, Y-z LIU, X-y GONG, W-d WANG (2014) Road traffic and geography topology based opportunistic routing for VANETs. J China Univ Posts Telecommun 21:32–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Cao X, Yan L, Sung DK (2016) A street-centric opportunistic routing protocol based on link correlation for urban VANETs. IEEE Trans Mobile Comput 15:1586–1599

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhizhong J, Chuanhe H, Liya X, Bo W, Xi C, Xiying F (2012) A trusted opportunistic routing algorithm for VANET. In: Third international conference on networking and distributed computing (ICNDC). IEEE, pp 86–90

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran

    Ali Ghaffari

Authors
  1. Ali Ghaffari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Ghaffari.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ghaffari, A. Hybrid opportunistic and position-based routing protocol in vehicular ad hoc networks. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 11, 1593–1603 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-019-01316-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-019-01316-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation