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Dynamic Games in Cyber-Physical Security: An Overview

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Abstract

Due to complex dependencies between multiple layers and components of emerging cyber-physical systems, security and vulnerability of such systems have become a major challenge in recent years. In this regard, game theory, a powerful tool for modeling strategic interactions between multiple decision makers with conflicting objectives, offers a natural paradigm to address the security-related issues arising in these systems. While there exists substantial amount of work in modeling and analyzing security problems using game-theoretic techniques, most of the existing literature in this area focuses on static game models, ignoring the dynamic nature of interactions between the main players (defenders vs. attackers). In this paper, we focus only on dynamic game analysis of cyber-physical security problems and provide a general overview of the existing results and recent advances based on application domains. We also discuss several limitations of the existing models and identify several hitherto unaddressed directions for future research.

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Notes

  1. A strategy can be either pure or mixed, meaning that a player can either choose a particular action with probability 1, or based on a probability distribution over its set of possible actions.

  2. A perfect Bayesian equilibrium is a set of strategies and beliefs for every player at every information set, so that the beliefs are derived from the strategies and common prior beliefs using Bayes’ rule, and the strategies are optimal at every point in the game, given the players’ beliefs.

  3. Fictitious play is a learning rule in which at each round, each player best responds to the empirical frequency of play of his opponents.

  4. Colonel Blotto game is a multi-dimensional problem on strategic resource allocation. In its classic form, it is a two-player game in which two colonels are tasked with allocating a limited number of troops over multiple battlefields, with the player allocating the most troops to a front being declared the winner, and the overall payoff being proportional to the number of fronts won.

  5. Pursuit–evasion games model many security problems where one or more evaders try to escape a group of pursuing units; see [21].

  6. Incentive compatibility means that agents have no incentive to misreport their safety states, while individual rationality implies that agents voluntarily have incentives to participate in the mechanism.

  7. In an information system, the system’s overall security usually depends on its weakest link.

  8. This is a strategy that yields the highest total payoff for that player if he knows the entire sequence of attacks a priori.

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  1. Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    S. Rasoul Etesami

  2. Coordinated Science Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Tamer Başar

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The research leading to this paper was supported in part by ONR MURI Grant N00014-16-1-2710 and in part by ARO Grant W911NF-16-1-0485.

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Etesami, S.R., Başar, T. Dynamic Games in Cyber-Physical Security: An Overview. Dyn Games Appl 9, 884–913 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13235-018-00291-y

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