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Review of anatomy-based ankle–foot robotics for mind, motor and motion recovery following stroke: design considerations and needs

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Abstract

This review paper has been motivated by recent studies revealing that early rehabilitation of stroke patients is effective for the recovery of their motor functions. Specifically, this paper reviews the design considerations and needs of anatomy-based ankle–foot robotic devices for mind, motor and motion recovery (M3R) based on neuroplasticity, brain reorganization and functional recovery, which make it possible to alleviate muscle atrophy and promote nerve recovery through exercise to ensure the best chance of regaining skills damaged by stroke. Specifically, the optimal roles of anatomy-based ankle–foot orthoses (AFOs) for M3R are analyzed. The needs of specific AFO featuring in each stroke rehabilitation stage, the corresponding ankle–foot joints, ligaments and muscles, and the kinematic models of the ankle–foot complex are investigated to provide a rational means to account for the bio-joint features when developing the mechanical design/sensing/control of a practical M3R-AFO. Existing ankle–foot rehabilitation devices are reviewed from the perspectives of mechanism designs, control strategies and clinical trials. The findings provide physically intuitive insights into the effects of different AFO design functions on the M3R throughout the rehabilitation process following stroke.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant U1713204, U.S. National Science Foundation EFRI- M3C-1137172 and “Innovative Leading Talents Programme of Dongguan”. The authors greatly appreciate the valuable discussions and clinical collaboration with Chief Physician Bo Hu and Deputy Chief Physician Jie Gao of Shenzhen Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, and Doctor Lihua Tang of Dongguan Kanghua Hospital.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China

    Jiaoying Jiang, Kok-Meng Lee & Jingjing Ji

  2. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0405, USA

    Kok-Meng Lee

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  1. Jiaoying Jiang
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Correspondence to Kok-Meng Lee or Jingjing Ji.

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Jiang, J., Lee, KM. & Ji, J. Review of anatomy-based ankle–foot robotics for mind, motor and motion recovery following stroke: design considerations and needs. Int J Intell Robot Appl 2, 267–282 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41315-018-0065-7

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