Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Manufacturing Supply Chain and Product Lifecycle Security in the Era of Industry 4.0

  • Published:
Journal of Hardware and Systems Security Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The next generation of smart manufacturing systems will incorporate various recent enabling technologies. These technologies will aid in ushering the era of the fourth industrial revolution. They will make the supply chain and the product lifecycle of the manufacturing system efficient, decentralized, and well-connected. However, these technologies have various security issues and, when integrated in the supply chain and the product lifecycle of manufacturing systems, can pose various challenges for maintaining the security requirements such as confidentiality, integrity, and availability. In this paper, we will present the various trends and advances in the security of the supply chain and product lifecycle of the manufacturing system while highlighting the roles played by the major enabling components of Industry 4.0.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Geissbauer R, Vedso J, Schrauf S (2016) Industry 4.0: building the digital enterprise: 2016 global industry 4.0 survey, PwC Munich

  2. Industry Deloitte (2014) Industry 4.0—challenges and solutions for the digital transformation and use of exponential technologies. White Paper

  3. Schrauf S, Berttram P (2016) Industry 4.0 and how digitization makes the supply chain more efficient, agile, and customer-focused. www.strategyand.pwc.com

  4. Panetta K (2016) Gartner top 10 strategic technology trends for 2017. http://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/gartners-top-10-technology-trends-2017/

  5. Berger R (2015) Cyber-security–managing threat scenarios in manufacturing companies. Accessed April 20:2016

    Google Scholar 

  6. Shackleford D (2015) Combatting cyber risks in the supply chain, White Paper. SANS.org. https://goo.gl/LqKX1G

  7. Kaspersky Lab (2016) Threat landscape for industrial automation systems in the second half of 2016. https://ics-cert.kaspersky.com/reports/2017/03/28/threat-landscape-for-industrial-automation-systems-in-the-second-half-of-2016/

  8. Symantec (2016) Internet security threat report. https://www.symantec.com/content/dam/symantec/docs/reports/istr-21-2016-en.pdf

  9. Lee RM, Assante MJ, Conway T (2014) German steel mill cyber attack. Industrial Control Systems, vol 30

  10. Slay J, Miller M (2007) Lessons learned from the maroochy water breach. Critical infrastructure protection. Springer

  11. Falliere N, Murchu LO, Chien E (2011) W32 stuxnet dossier, symantec security response, https://www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_stuxnet_dossier.pdf. [Accessed August 06, 2017]

  12. RadarServices Competence series (2015) Industry 4.0 = security 4.0? RadarServices Smart IT-security GmbH

  13. Waslo R, Tyler LA (2017) Industry 4.0 and cybersecurity: managing risk in an age of connected production. University Press , Deloitte

    Google Scholar 

  14. Thames L, Schaefer DE (2017) Cybersecurity for industry 4.0: analysis for design and manufacturing. Springer

  15. Manogaran G, Thota C et al (2017) Big data security intelligence for healthcare industry 4.0. In: Cybersecurity for industry 4.0. Springer

  16. Glavach D, LaSalle-DeSantis J et al (2017) Applying and assessing cybersecurity controls for direct digital manufacturing (ddm) systems. In: Cybersecurity for industry 4.0. Springer

  17. Wang Y, Anokhin O et al (2017) Concept and use case driven approach for mapping it security requirements on system assets and processes in industrie 4.0. System, Elsevier

  18. Lu Y (2017) Industry 4.0: a survey on technologies, applications and open research issues. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, Elsevier

  19. Bogle IDL (2017) A perspective on smart process manufacturing research challenges for process systems engineers. Engineering Journal, Elsevier

  20. Prokop D (2017) Global supply chain security and management: appraising programs, preventing crimes. Butterworth-Heinemann

  21. Smith J, Teuton J (2017) What do you mean, supply chain security? A taxonomy and framework for knowledge sharing. In: Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii international conference on system sciences

  22. Flatt H, Schriegel SA (2016) Analysis of the cyber-security of industry 4.0 technologies based on rami 4.0 and identification of requirements. In: International conference on emerging technologies and factory automation (ETFA). IEEE

  23. Ma Z, Hudic A et al (2017) Security viewpoint in a reference architecture model for cyber-physical production systems. In: European symposium on security and privacy workshops (euros&PW). IEEE

  24. Hintsa J, Gutierrez X, Wieser P, Hameri A-P (2009) Supply chain security management: an overview. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 5(3-4):344–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Rao S, Goldsby TJ (2009) Supply chain risks: a review and typology. Int J Logist Manag 20(1):97–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Lu G, Koufteros X, Lucianetti L (2017) Supply chain security: a classification of practices and an empirical study of differential effects and complementarity. IEEE Trans Eng Manag 64(2):234–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Chhetri SR, Rashid N, Faezi S, Al Faruque MA (2017) Security trends and advances in manufacturing systems in the era of industry 4.0. In: IEEE/ACM international conference on computer aided design

  28. Hermann M, Pentek T, Otto B (2016) Design principles for industrie 4.0 scenarios. In: 49th Hawaii international conference on system sciences (HICSS), 2016. IEEE

  29. Sauter T (2007) The continuing evolution of integration in manufacturing automation. IEEE Ind Electron Mag 1(1):10–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Hugos MH (2011) Essentials of supply chain management, vol 62. Wiley, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  31. Lu Y, Morris KC et al (2016) Current standards landscape for smart manufacturing systems. National Institute of Standards and Technology, NISTIR

  32. Monostori L (2014) Cyber-physical production systems: roots, expectations and r&d challenges. Procedia CIRP 17:9–13

  33. National institute of standards and technology. Manufacturing profile: Nist Cybersecurity Framework (2016)

  34. Hankel M, Rexroth B (2015) The reference architectural model industrie 4.0 (rami 4.0) ZVEI

  35. Industrial Internet Consortium (2015) Industrial internet reference architecture (iira). [Online], Available: http://www.iiconsortium.org

  36. Li J-Q, Yu FR, Deng G, Luo C, Ming Z, Yan Q (2017) Industrial internet: a survey on the enabling technologies, applications, and challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials

  37. Wan J, Cai H, Zhou K (2015) Industrie 4.0: enabling technologies. In: International conference on intelligent computing and internet of things (ICIT), 2014. IEEE, pp 135–140

  38. Wang S, Wan J, Li D, Zhang C (2016) Implementing smart factory of industrie 4.0: an outlook. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. SAGE Publications Sage UK. London, England

  39. Giraldo J, Sarkar E et al (2017) Security and privacy in cyber-physical systems: a survey of surveys. IEEE Design and Test

  40. Bellovin SM (1989) Security problems in the TCP/IP protocol suite. In: ACM SIGCOMM computer communication review

  41. Chhetri S, Wan J, Al Faruque M (2017) Cross-domain security of cyber-physical systems. In: Design automation conference (ASP-DAC), 2017 22nd asia and south pacific. IEEE, pp 200–205

  42. Modbus application protocol specification v1.1, http://www.modbus.org/docs/modbus_application_protocol_v1_1b.pdf, 2006

  43. Byres EJ, Franz M et al (2004) The use of attack trees in assessing vulnerabilities in SCADA systems. In: Proceedings of the international infrastructure survivability workshop

  44. Chattopadhyay A, Prakash A, Shafique M (2017) Secure cyber-physical systems: current trends, tools and open research prob- lems. In: 2017 Design, automation & test in Europe conference & exhibition (DATE). IEEE

  45. Jazdi N (2014) Cyber physical systems in the context of industry 4.0. In: Automation, quality and testing, robotics. IEEE

  46. Atzori L, Iera A, Morabito G (2010) The internet of things: a survey. Computer Networks Journal, Elsevier

  47. Höller J, Tsiatsis V et al (2014) From machine-to-machine to the internet of things: introduction to a new age of intelligence. Elsevier

  48. James M, Chui M et al (2015) The internet of things: mapping the value beyond the hype. McKinsey Global Institute

  49. Sicari S, Rizzardi A et al (2015) Security, privacy and trust in internet of things: the road ahead. Computer Networks Journal, Elsevier

  50. Jing Q, Vasilakos AV et al (2014) Security of the internet of things: perspectives and challenges. Wireless Networks Journal, Springer

  51. Lee J, Bagheri B et al (2014) Recent advances and trends of cyber-physical systems and big data analytics in industrial informatics. In: International proceeding of int conference on industrial informatics (INDIN)

  52. Cloud Security Alliance (2012) Top ten big data security and privacy challenges. [Online], Available: http://www.isaca.org

  53. Gahi Y, Guennoun M et al (2016) Big data analytics: security and privacy challenges. In: Symposium on computers and communication (ISCC). IEEE

  54. Mell P, Grance T et al (2011) The NIST definition of cloud computing. Computer Security Division, Information Techno- logy Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Gaithersburg

  55. Hamlen K, Kantarcioglu M et al (2012) Security issues for cloud computing. Optimizing information security and advancing privacy assurance: new technologies: new technologies

  56. Zeltmann SE, Gupta N et al (2016) Manufacturing and security challenges in 3D printing. The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (JOM), Springer

  57. Rokka Chhetri S et al (2017) Side-channels of cyber-physical systems: case study in additive manufacturing. IEEE Design & Test

  58. Chhetri SR, Canedo A, Al Faruque MA (2016) KCAD: kinetic cyber-attack detection method for cyber-physical additive manufacturing systems. In: International conference on computer-aided design (ICCAD). IEEE

  59. Johnson G (2016) Intelligent sensor technology and the cloud. Process Technology magazine. https://goo.gl/ZMt4hY

  60. Papernot N, McDaniel P et al (2016) Towards the science of security and privacy in machine learning. arXiv:1611:03814

  61. Papernot N et al (2017) Practical black-box attacks against machine learning. In: Asia conference on computer and communications security

  62. Nolfi S, Bongard JC, Husbands P, Floreano D (2016) Evolutionary robotics: the biology, intelligence, and technology of self-organizing machines. MIT Press

  63. Bahrin MAK, Othman MFO (2016) Industry 4.0: a review on industrial automation and robotic. Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences and Engineering)

  64. McClean J, Stull C et al (2013) A preliminary cyber-physical security assessment of the robot operating system (ROS). SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing

  65. Mourtzis D, Zogopoulos V, Vlachou E (2017) Augmented reality application to support remote maintenance as a service in the robotics industry. Procedia CIRP, Elsevier

  66. Huy DQ, Vietcheslav I, Lee GSG (2017) See-through and spatial augmented reality—a novel framework for human-robot interaction. In: International conference on control, automation and robotics (ICCAR). IEEE

  67. Roesner F, Kohno T, Molnar D (2014) Security and privacy for augmented reality systems. Communications of the ACM

  68. Templeman R, Korayem M et al (2014) Placeavoider: steering first-person cameras away from sensitive spaces. In: NDSS

  69. Kim H, Kim H et al (2015) A new technique using a shuffling method to protect confidential documents from shoulder surfers. In: International conference on software security and assurance (ICSSA). IEEE

  70. McPherson R, Jana S et al (2015) No escape from reality: security and privacy of augmented reality browsers. In: Proceedings of the 24th international conference on world wide web. International world wide web conferences steering committee

  71. Bauer H, Baur C et al (2015) Industry 4.0: how to navigate digitization of the manufacturing sector. Tech. Rep., McKinsey Digital

  72. Autodesk (2017) Generative design. [Accessed September 25, 2017]. https://www.autodesk.com/solutions/generative-design

  73. Li J, Tao F et al (2015) Big data in product lifecycle management. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Springer

  74. King NJ, Raja V (2012) Protecting the privacy and security of sensitive customer data in the cloud. Computer Law & Security Review Journal, Elsevier

  75. Jackson C (2013) Is CAD in the cloud truly terrifying? http://www.engineering.com

  76. ESET (2017) ACAD/Medre.a, eset whitepaper. Retrieved

  77. Belikovetsky S, Yampolskiy M et al (2016) Dr0wned-cyber-physical attack with additive manufacturing, arXiv:1609.00133

  78. O’Gorman G, McDonald G (2012) Ransomware: a growing menace. Symantec Corporation

  79. Fruth J, Münder R, Gruschinski H, Dittmann J, Karpuschewski B, Findeisen R (2011) Sensitising to security risks in manufacturing engineering: an exemplary VR prototype. In: Second international workshop on digital engineering, pp 39–44

  80. Zhang L, Luo Y et al (2014) Cloud manufacturing: a new manu- facturing paradigm. Journal of Enterprise Information Systems, Taylor and Francis

  81. Ravi S, Raghunathan A et al (2004) Security in embedded systems: design challenges. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)

  82. Hojjati A, Adhikari A et al (2016) Leave your phone at the door: side channels that reveal factory floor secrets. In: ACM conference on computer and communications security

  83. Faruque A, Abdullah M, Rokka Chhetri S, Canedo A, Wan J (2016) Acoustic side-channel attacks on additive manufacturing systems. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on cyber-physical systems. IEEE Press, p 19

  84. Faruque MA, Chhetri S, Faezi S, Canedo A (2016) Forensics of thermal side-channel in additive manufacturing systems. Center for Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems (CECS) Technical Report 16-01, University of California Irvine. https://goo.gl/u41QFu

  85. Rokka Chhetri S (2016) Novel side-channel attack model for cyber-physical additive manufacturing systems, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Irvine

  86. Rokka Chhetri S, Canedo A, Al Faruque M (2016) Confidentiality breach through acoustic side-channel in cyber-physical additive manufacturing systems. ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems (TCPS)

  87. Turner H, White J et al (2015) Bad parts: are our manufacturing systems at risk of silent cyberattacks? IEEE Journal on Security and Privacy

  88. Gellman R (2012) Privacy in the clouds: risks to privacy and confidentiality from cloud computing. In: Proceedings of the world privacy forum

  89. Armbrust M, Fox A et al (2009) Above the clouds: a Berkeley view of cloud computing. Technical Report UCB/EECS-2009-28, EECS Department, University of California, Berkeley, Tech. Rep.

  90. Zhang S, Hepashi K, Wynn M (2010) Security issues associated with material flow in supply chain of manufacturing industry. In: The conference on web based business management

  91. Sturm L, Williams C et al (2014) Cyber-physical vunerabilities in additive manufacturing systems: a case study attack on the. STL file with human subjects. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Elsevier

  92. Raymond DR, Midkiff SF (2008) Denial-of-service in wireless sensor networks: attacks and defenses. IEEE Journal on Pervasive Computing

  93. Rashid N, Wan J, Quirós G, Canedo A, Faruque MAA (2017) Modeling and simulation of cyberattacks for resilient cyber-physical systems. In: 13th IEEE conference on automation science and engineering (CASE), Elsevier

  94. Subashini S, Kavitha V (2011) A survey on security issues in service delivery models of cloud computing. Journal of network and computer applications, Elsevier

  95. Guin U, Huang K, DiMase D, Carulli JM, Tehranipoor M, Makris Y (2014) Counterfeit integrated circuits: a rising threat in the global semiconductor supply chain. Proceedings of the IEEE

  96. Wilson W (2017) Counterfeit parts: dangerous and costly. [Accessed August 10, 2017]. http://www.maintenancetechnology.com/2017/06/counterfeit-parts-dangerous-costly/

  97. Kolias C, Kambourakis G, Stavrou A, Voas J (2017) DDoS in the IoT: Mirai and other botnets. Computer

  98. Rothwell J, Titcomb J, McGoogan C (2017) Petya cyber attack: ransomware spreads across europe with firms in ukraine, britain and Spain shut down. [Accessed August 06, 2017]. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/06/27/ukraine-hit-massive-cyber-attack1/

  99. Kastrenakes J, Brandom R et al (2017) Wannacry ransomware: all the updates on the cyberattack. [Accessed August 06, 2017]. [Online]. Available: https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/14/15638026/wannacry-ransomware-updates-cyberattack-cybersecurity

  100. International Organization for Standardization (2007) Specification for security management systems for the supply chain. [Accessed September 25, 2017]. https://www.iso.org/standard/44641.html

  101. ISO (2015) ISO/IEC 20243:2015: information technology – open trusted technology providertm standard (O-TTPS) – mitigating maliciously tainted and counterfeit products. [Accessed September 25, 2017]. https://www.iso.org/standard/67394.html

  102. Yampolskiy M, Andel TRA (2014) Intellectual property protection in additive layer manufacturing: requirements for secure outsourcing. In: Proceedings of the 4th program protection and reverse engineering workshop. ACM

  103. Arora R, Parashar A et al (2013) Secure user data in cloud computing using encryption algorithms. Int J Eng Res Appl 3 (4): 1922–1926

    Google Scholar 

  104. Autodesk (2017) Autodesk vault. https://www.autodesk.co.uk

  105. Onshape (2017) Onshape security. https://www.onshape.com/

  106. AutoDWG (2017) Autodwg locker. http://www.autodwg.com/dwglock/

  107. Intel (2015) Understanding and implementing intel transparent supply chain. https://www.intel.com/

  108. Bowers KD, Juels A, Oprea A (2009) Hail: a high-availability and integrity layer for cloud storage. In: Proceedings of the 16th ACM conference on computer and communications security. ACM

  109. Joshi B et al (2012) Securing cloud computing environment against DDoS attacks. In: Computer communication and informatics. IEEE

  110. Li S, Da Xu L (2017) Securing the internet of things. Syngress, Elsevier

  111. Chhetri SR, Faezi S et al (2017) Fix the leak! An information leakage aware secured cyber-physical manufacturing system. In: Design, automation & test in Europe conference & exhibition (DATE)

  112. Straub J (2017) Identifying positioning-based attacks against 3D printed objects and the 3D printing process. In: SPIE Defense+ security. International society for optics and photonics

  113. Vincent H, Wells L et al (2015) Trojan detection and side-channel analyses for cyber-security in cyber-physical manufacturing systems. Procedia Manufacturing Journal, Elsevier

  114. Tsoutsos NG, Gamil HO (2017) Secure 3D printing: reconstructing and validating solid geometries using toolpath reverse engineering. In: Workshop on cyber-physical system security. ACM

  115. Rinard MC, Cadar C et al (2004) Enhancing server availability and security through failure-oblivious computing. In: OSDI

  116. Moore S, Armstrong P et al (2016) Vulnerability analysis of desktop 3D printer software. In: Resilience week (RWS). IEEE

  117. Usable trust in the internet of things, http://www.utrustit.eu/, [Accessed August 08, 2017]

  118. Icore project. http://www.iot-icore.eu, [Accessed August 08, 2017]

  119. PwC (2011) Transportation and logistics 2030- volume 4: securing the supply chain. [Accessed September 15, 2017]

  120. D’Antoni L et al (2013) Operating system support for augmented reality applications. In: HotOS, vol 13, pp 21–21

  121. Crane S, Homescu A et al (2015) Thwarting cache side-channel attacks through dynamic software diversity. In: NDSS

  122. Lebeck K, Ruth KA (2017) Securing augmented reality output. In: Symposium on security and privacy (SP). IEEE

  123. Rao PK et al (2016) Three dimensional point cloud measurement based dimensional integrity assessment for additive manufactured parts using spectral graph theory. In: International manufacturing science and engineering conference

  124. C-TPAT: Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism, https://goo.gl/bgxyzc

  125. Supply chain security best practices - ppai, http://www.ppai.org/media/1724/scs_bp_supplychainsecuritytransportation.pdf

  126. Alanazi S, Al-Muhtadi J et al (2015) On resilience of wireless mesh routing protocol against DoS attacks in IoT-based ambient assisted living applications. In: International conference on e-health networking, application & services (healthcom). IEEE

  127. FDIC Federal deposit insurance corporation (fdic). https://goo.gl/JM4oe9, [Accessed August 08, 2017]

  128. PCI Payment card industry data security standard (pci dss). https://goo.gl/a47EuQ, [Accessed August 08, 2017]

  129. Bligh-Wall S (2017) Industry 4.0: security imperatives for IoT—converging networks, increasing risks. Cyber Security: A Peer-Reviewed Journal 1(1):61–68

    Google Scholar 

  130. Parvin S, Hussain FK, Hussain OK, Thein T, Park JS (2013) Multi-cyber framework for availability enhancement of cyber physical systems. Computing Journal, Springer

  131. Wang C, Wang QA (2010) Privacy-preserving public auditing for data storage security in cloud computing. In: Infocom. IEEE

  132. Zhao F, Li C et al (2014) A cloud computing security solution based on fully homomorphic encryption. In: International conference on advanced communication technology (ICACT). IEEE

  133. Xu K, Cao T et al (2017) Cleaning the null space: a privacy mechanism for predictors. In: AAAI

  134. Amodei D, Olah C et al (2016) Concrete problems in AI safety. arXiv:1606.06565

  135. Symantec (2016) Smarter security for manufacturing in the industry 4.0 era. Accessed 18 Sept 2017. https://www.symantec.com/content/dam/symantec/docs/solution-briefs/industry-4.0-en.pdf

  136. Sniderman B, Gorman G et al (2016) The design of things: building in IoT connectivity. https://goo.gl/n5fGif

  137. Bhunia S, Hsiao MS, Banga M, Narasimhan S (2014) Hardware trojan attacks: threat analysis and countermeasures. Proceedings of the IEEE

  138. Forte D, Perez R, Kim Y, Bhunia S (2016) Supply-chain security for cyberinfrastructure [guest editors’ introduction]. IEEE Computer Society

  139. Hu N, Ye M, Wei S (2017) Surviving information leakage hardware trojan attacks using hardware isolation. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing

  140. Bhasin S, Regazzoni F (2015) A survey on hardware trojan detection techniques. In: IEEE international symposium on circuits and systems (ISCAS), 2015. IEEE

  141. Kanuparthi A, Karri R, Addepalli S (2013) Hardware and embedded security in the context of internet of things. In: Proceedings of the 2013 ACM workshop on security, privacy & dependability for cyber vehicles. ACM

  142. Regazzoni F, Polian I (2017) Securing the hardware of cyber-physical systems. In: Design automation conference (ASP-DAC), 2017 22nd Asia and South Pacific. IEEE

  143. Rostami M, Koushanfar F, Karri R (2014) A primer on hardware security: models, methods, and metrics. Proceedings of the IEEE Journal

  144. Tehranipoor M, Wang C (2011) Introduction to hardware security and trust. Springer Science & Business Media

  145. Dofe J, Frey J, Yu Q (2016) Hardware security assurance in emerging IoT applications. In: IEEE International symposium on circuits and systems (ISCAS), 2016. IEEE

  146. Pilkington M (2015) Blockchain technology: principles and applications. Browser Download This Paper

  147. Glaessgen EH, Stargel D (2012) The digital twin paradigm for future NASA and US air force vehicles. In: 53rd struct. Dyn. Mater. Conf. Special session: digital twin, Honolulu, HI, US, pp 1–14

  148. Grieves M, Vickers J (2017) Digital twin: mitigating unpredictable, undesirable emergent behavior in complex systems. In: Transdisciplinary perspectives on complex systems. Springer, pp 85–113

  149. TechTarget. Digital thread, https://goo.gl/L3sjx5, [Accessed September 28, 2017]

  150. Proto Labs Data, digital threads, and industry 4.0. https://goo.gl/C4tRZC, [Accessed September 28, 2017]

  151. Bokämper W (2016) Industrie 4.0 security guidelines: Recommendations for actions. [Accessed September 25, 2017]. http://www.vdmashop.de/refs/Leitf_I40_Security_En_LR_neu.pdf

  152. Industrial Internet Consortium (2016). Accessed September 25, 2017

  153. Kaspersky (2017) Industrial cybersecurity: solution overview. Accessed 18 Sept 2017. https://media.kaspersky.com/en/business-security/enterprise/KICS_Technology_Overview_v1.pdf

  154. Cisco (2016) Communication structures for industry 4.0. Accessed September 10, 2017

  155. Rohde and Schwarz Cybersecurity GmbH (2017) Security solutions for industry 4.0: detect, analyze and protect proactively. Accessed September 25, 2017

  156. Al-Fuqaha A, Guizani M, Mohammadi M, Aledhari M, Ayyash M (2015) Internet of things: a survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials

  157. Stouffer K, Zimmerman T, Tang C, Lubell J, Cichonski J, McCarthy J (2017) Cybersecurity framework manufacturing profile. NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR)-8183

Download references

Acknowledgments

The views and conclusions contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of NSF.

Funding

This work was partially supported by NSF CPS grant CNS-1546993.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA

    Sujit Rokka Chhetri

  2. University of California, Irvine, CA, USA

    Sina Faezi, Nafiul Rashid & Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

Authors
  1. Sujit Rokka Chhetri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sina Faezi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nafiul Rashid
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sujit Rokka Chhetri.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chhetri, S.R., Faezi, S., Rashid, N. et al. Manufacturing Supply Chain and Product Lifecycle Security in the Era of Industry 4.0. J Hardw Syst Secur 2, 51–68 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41635-017-0031-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41635-017-0031-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation