Theoretical Computer ScienceVolume 12, Issue 3, November 1980, Pages 303-314Negation can be exponentially powerfulAuthor links open overlay panelL.G. ValiantShow moreShareCitehttps://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(80)90060-2Get rights and contentUnder an Elsevier user licenseopen archivePrevious article in issueNext article in issueRecommended articlesCited by (0)Copyright © 1980 Published by Elsevier B.V.