Review and comparative study of control techniques for three-phase PWM rectifiers

doi:10.1016/S0378-4754(03)00081-8

Mathematics and Computers in Simulation

Volume 63, Issues 3–5, 17 November 2003, Pages 349-361

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4754(03)00081-8 Get rights and content

Abstract

Control techniques for PWM rectifiers in ac adjustable speed drives are presented. In particular, the so-called virtual flux-oriented control (VFOC) and virtual flux-based direct power control (VF-DPC) schemes are described and compared with their voltage-based counterparts, that is, the voltage-oriented control (VOC) and voltage-based direct power control (V-DPC) techniques. Theoretical background is provided, and results of computer simulations and laboratory experiments are given, documenting advantages and disadvantages of the individual control strategies.

Introduction

The rapid growth of ac adjustable speed drives (ASDs) in industry exacerbates the problem of harmonic pollution of the power system caused by the commonly used line-side diode rectifiers. Apart from application of active and passive filters, the best solution consists in using PWM rectifiers. They have an additional advantage of the bi-directional power flow. Therefore, issues of control of these rectifiers have been recently receiving significant attention of researchers. As illustrated in Fig. 1, control techniques for PWM rectifiers can generally be classified as voltage-based and virtual flux-based. Overall, four types of these techniques can be distinguished: [1] voltage-oriented control (VOC), [2] voltage-based direct power control (V-DPC), [3] virtual flux-oriented control (VFOC), and [4] virtual flux-based direct power control (VF-DPC).

In this paper, theoretical background for each control technique is provided and comparative analysis, based on computer simulations and laboratory experiments, is carried out. Operating characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of individual techniques are described to serve as a guide for ASD design engineers.

Section snippets

Control techniques for PWM rectifiers

Most ASDs employ voltage-source inverters. Then, the PWM rectifier is of the current-source type, with the topology identical to that of the inverter. The goal of the control system is to maintain the output voltage (dc-link voltage), v_dc, at the required level, while currents drawn from the power system should, ideally, be sinusoidal and in phase with respective phase voltages to satisfy the unity-power-factor (UPF) condition. The classic solution, the voltage-oriented control scheme, is shown

Comparative investigation

For better assessment of the individual rectifier control techniques presented, a comparative investigation of these techniques has been carried out. This issue is of great importance to designers and manufacturers of ac ASDs. PWM rectifiers have been increasingly employed as front-end converters in these drives, for instance, by Allen-Bradley and Teco-Westinghouse. Results of the investigation are presented further.

Conclusion

Four techniques for control of PWM rectifiers have been described and compared. In the voltage-oriented control scheme, the unity-power-factor condition is enforced by aligning the direct component of the reference voltage vector with the current vector. An analogous approach in the virtual flux-oriented control method is based on the desired orthogonality of the virtual flux and current vectors. In the direct power control schemes associated with the voltage and virtual flux-oriented control

Acknowledgements

The first two authors thanks the Foundation for Polish Science for granting them its prestigious scholarship, which supported them during the described research study. The study was partially sponsored by the US National Science Foundation through a grant to the University of Nevada, Reno.

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