Elsevier

Advances in Computers

Volume 121, 2021, Pages 455-481
Advances in Computers

Chapter Twenty-Three - Smart grid☆

https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.adcom.2020.08.023Get rights and content

Abstract

The integration of blockchain technology and the electric grid makes the grid smart and decentralized. The adoption of blockchain technology allows the grid network to decentralize its operations. This means there is no need for a central authority in the smart grid to control, distribute, and manage the electricity. The decision making and transaction flow in the smart grid do not need to be transmitted through the centralized system. All the transactions and operations performed on the grid network are stored on the public ledgers of a blockchain. The buying and selling energy transactions across the network can be done through a computer program by validating and verifying the pre-determined clauses of the transaction. So, blockchain technology helps in setting up real-time energy markets and identity preserving transactions at much lower costs. In this chapter, we have described the role and benefits of blockchain technology in the smart grid in terms of energy management and demand–supply management.

Section snippets

Architecture of smart grid

SG is defined by an electricity grid, which integrates the behavior and actions of all entities connected. There are three types of entities; generation, which generates electricity; transmission and distribution, which distribute electricity; consumption, which consumes electricity. Together, these entities create a peer-to-peer network to ensure efficient distribution of the electricity; maintain low losses and a high level of quality, the security of electricity supply is as shown in Fig. 1.

Salient features of smart grid

The important features of SG that make it different from the conventional/existing electrical grid in several manners. The salient features of SG are described as follows (see Fig. 2).

Applications of blockchain in smart grid

Fig. 6 shows the important applications of blockchain in the SG [18]. Here, we focus on five important application areas in SG where blockchain technology has been extensively researched. Each of these application areas is discussed below.

Challenges for blockchain into the smart grid

The following are the list of challenges that can be occurred by blockchain incorporation into the SG.

Initiatives on smart grid in India

India is developing various SG projects, such as “National Smart Grid Mission,” “Smart Grid Vision and Roadmap for India,” “Nehru National Solar Mission,” etc. to enhance the reliability and performance of the grid. These projects support economical, technical, and social development of the country. During the last decade, the installation of RERs has grown at an annual rate of 25%. POWERGRID Corporation of India has taken an initiative to develop a SG pilot project at Puducherry. The objective

Shubhani Aggarwal is pursuing a PhD from Thapar Institute of Engineering and Tech-nology (Deemed to be University), Patiala, Punjab, India. She received the BTech degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India, in 2015, and the ME degree in Computer Science from Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, in 2017. She has many research inter-ests in the area of Blockchain, cryptography, Internet of Drones, and information security.

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    • Cited by (9)

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    Shubhani Aggarwal is pursuing a PhD from Thapar Institute of Engineering and Tech-nology (Deemed to be University), Patiala, Punjab, India. She received the BTech degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India, in 2015, and the ME degree in Computer Science from Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, in 2017. She has many research inter-ests in the area of Blockchain, cryptography, Internet of Drones, and information security.

    Neeraj Kumar received his PhD in CSE from Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra (Jammu and Kashmir), India in 2009, and was a postdoctoral research fellow in Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom. He is working as a professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to be University), Patiala, Punjab, India. He has published more than 400 technical research papers in top-cited journals such as IEEE TKDE, IEEE TIE, IEEE TDSC, IEEE TITS, IEEE TCE, IEEE TII, IEEE TVT, IEEE ITS, IEEE SG, IEEE Network, IEEE Communications, IEEE WC, IEEE IoTJ, IEEE SJ, Computer Networks, Information Sciences, FGCS, JNCA, JPDC, and ComCom. He has guided many research scholars leading to PhD and ME/MTech. His research is supported by funding from UGC, DST, CSIR, and TCS. His research areas are Network Management, IoT, Big Data Analytics, Deep learning, and cyber-security. He is serving as an editor of the following journals of repute: ACM Computing Survey, ACM·IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing, IEEE·IEEE Systems Journal, IEEE·IEEE Network Magazine, IEE·IEEE Communication Magazine, IEE·Journal of Networks and Computer Applications, Elsevier · Computer Communication, Elsevier·International Journal of Communication Systems, Wiley. Also, he has been a guest editor of various International Journals of repute such as IEEE Access, IEEE ITS, Elsevier CEE, IEEE Commu-nication Magazine, IEEE Network Magazine, Computer Networks, Elsevier, Future Generation Computer Systems, Elsevier, Journal of Medical Systems, Springer, Computer and Electrical Engineering, Elsevier, Mobile Information Systems, International Journal of Ad hoc, and Ubiquitous Computing, Telecommunication Systems, Springer, and Journal of Supercomputing, Springer. He has also edited/authored 10 books with International/National Publishers like IET, Springer, Elsevier, CRC, Security and Privacy of Electronic Healthcare Records: Concepts, paradigms and solutions (ISBN-13: 978-1-78561-898-7), Machine Learning for Cognitive IoT, CRC Press, Blockchain, Big Data and IoT, Blockchain Technologies across industrial vertical, Elsevier, Multimedia Big Data Computing for IoT Applications: Concepts, Paradigms and Solutions (ISBN: 978-981-13-8759-3), Proceedings of First International Conference on Computing, Communications, and Cyber-Security (IC4S 2019) (ISBN 978-981-15-3369-3). One of the edited text-book entitled “Multimedia Big Data Computing for IoT Applications: Concepts, Paradigms, and Solutions” published in Springer in 2019 is having 3.5 million downloads till June 06, 2020. It attracts the attention of the researchers across the globe (https://www.springer.com/in/book/9789811387586). He has been a workshop chair at IEEE Globecom 2018 and IEEE ICC 2019 and TPC Chair and member for various International conferences such as IEEE MASS 2020 and IEEE MSN 2020. He is a senior member of the IEEE. He has more than 12,321 citations to his credit with current h-index of 60 (September 2020). He has won the best papers award from IEEE Systems Journal and ICC 2018, Kansas-city in 2018. He has been listed in the highly cited researcher of 2019 list of web of science (WoS). In India, he is listed in top 10 position among highly cited researchers list. He is an adjunct professor at Asia University, Taiwan, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Charles Darwin University, Australia.

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