Survivable green IP over WDM networks against double-link failures

doi:10.1016/j.bjp.2013.12.011

Computer Networks

Volume 59, 11 February 2014, Pages 62-76

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2013.12.011 Get rights and content

Abstract

In this paper, we study the energy efficient problem of survivable IP over WDM networks. A novel “virtual link” energy model is presented. The energy model is abstracted from the power consumption value of commercial network devices. Based on the new two-layer energy-aware auxiliary graph, we propose the Energy-Efficient and Survivable Routing (E²SR) algorithm for IP over WDM networks against double-link failures. In contrast to prior green networking algorithms, the novelty of our proposed routing algorithm is mainly twofold: first, the energy-efficient virtual topology iterative mapping method; second, the energy-efficient spare resource sharing method. From the numerical results for two typical carrier networks, our proposed E²SR algorithm achieves obvious energy consumption reduction for IP over WDM networks when guaranteeing traffic survivability against double-link failures.

Introduction

The traffic volume that needs to be handled by communication networks is growing very fast due to the continuously increasing number of end-users and to the new and emerging services that can be accessed to the network. This reflects into a need for increased network capacity, which in turn introduces higher energy consumption of the network infrastructure [1]. This contributes to the increasing energy consumption of the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) field which currently represents about 8% [2] of the total electricity consumption all over the world. At the 2007 Nature Photonics Technology conference in Tokyo it is emphasized that ‘‘by 2020, Telecoms would move from switching Terabits to Petabits, but based on todays technology a 100 Pb/s IP router would consume 10 Megawatts and require a nuclear power station to supply it with electricity’’ [3]. In view of the scale of the network of the future, it becomes evident that research on technologies, methodologies and approaches that can offer energy efficiency are of the utmost importance. It is widely accepted that optical network technologies will have a central role in the formation and the support of the network of the future. Therefore, it is important to explore novel solutions with respect to optical network’s energy efficiency.

Although now the core network consumes only 15% fraction of the total network energy [4], the percentage is predicted to significantly increase with the popularity of bandwidth intensive application. Compared with the research of single-layer green optical networks, the energy minimization of IP over WDM networks is more important because the energy of IP/MPLS router port is much larger than that of optical transmission port. Today’s IP over WDM networks are usually planned to satisfy the peak-hour traffic with some additional over-provisioning to accommodate dynamic changing traffic [4]. In this scenario, IP routers, line cards and WDM devices are always kept on during the day not taking into account traffic varies. Due to the perspectives, energy minimization of IP over WDM backbone network is an important research problem. Some works have research the problem of energy-efficient IP over WDM networks in recent years. Huang et al. [5] present a new operational energy model according to grooming policies “optical bypass or traffic grooming”. In [5], the proposed green provisioning method can save more power than direct-lighpath and traffic grooming. Yetginer and Rouskas [6] propose three kinds of traffic grooming ILP optimization: mini-lightpath, mini-switchingtraffic and mini-power. The authors suggest that mini-lightpath/swichingtraffic alone may be inefficient in terms of overall power consumption even for a small network. Shen and Tucker [7] study the energy-minimized design to develop a serial of efficient approaches ranging from Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) models to heuristic. These approaches are based on traditional virtual-topology and traffic grooming designs which adopts lightpath bypass to reduce network energy. Hou et al. [8] investigate the problem of multi-granularity and robust grooming for power/port-cost-efficient IP over WDM networks under uncertain traffic matrix. The authors propose the multi-granularity and robust grooming approach, where hybrid grooming is adopted to improve power efficiency and waveband merging is utilized to reduce the port cost.

In this paper, we first study the energy efficient problem of survivable IP over WDM networks against double-link failures. We propose a novel Energy-Efficient and Survivable Routing (E²SR) algorithm of IP over WDM networks. The technical contributions of the E²SR algorithm are mainly twofold: (1) we propose an energy-efficient virtual topology iterative mapping method which searches the appropriate energy-efficient virtual topology for two-layer networks and (2) to reduce the number of lightpaths (also reduce power consumption according to the presented power model) in networks and improve network resource utilization, we propose the energy-efficient spare resource sharing method. The resource sharing degree in the network determines the energy efficiency especially for scenarios of double-link failures. As far as we know, this is the first work to research on the energy-efficient problem for survivable two-layer networks against double-link failures.

This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 give the relate work of energy efficient and survivable optical networks. Section 3 summarizes the architecture of an IP over WDM network, and presents the “virtual link” power model. Section 4 describes the general problem of our study. Section 5 proposes the E²SR algorithm, including the energy-efficient virtual topology iterative mapping method and the spare resource method. In this study, we consider double-link failures scenario to emphasize importance of the spare resource sharing for energy efficiency. Section 6 reports the numerical results. Section 7 concludes the paper.

Section snippets

Related work

As far as we know, some works [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14] have studied the energy-efficient and survivable optical networks. Jalalinia et al. [9] propose a novel survivable and energy efficient routing algorithm addressing the trade-off caused by conflicting objectives of energy saving and survivability. In [9], shared backup protection is adopted to enhance spare resource utilization. Monti et al. [10] propose a scalable and efficient heuristic that chooses the route of the working and

Architecture of IP over WDM networks

The architecture of IP over WDM networks is illustrated in Fig. 1. In such an architecture, IP/MPLS router (or DXC) ports are connected to the ports of WDM optical crossconnects (OXCs), and OXCs are interconnected in a mesh configuration with fiber links. The packets traffic from access networks in the electronic domain are accumulated into an IP router attached to an OXC. The electronic packets are converted to an optical signal, and then are transmitted via fiber links. On optical layer for a

General problem statement

The general problem of energy-efficient and survivable IP over WDM networks is formally stated below. Here we give the following inputs to the problem:

(1)
A physical network topology G (N, E) consists of a weighted unidirectional graph, where N is the set of network nodes and E is the set of physical links connecting the network nodes. Nodes correspond to network nodes and links that is unidirectional correspond to the fibers between nodes. N and E denote the node number and the unidirectional link

The E²SR algorithm

In this section, we propose the E²SR algorithm for IP over WDM networks against double-link failures. Two innovations, i.e., the energy-efficient virtual topology iterative mapping method and energy-efficient spare resource sharing method, are included in the algorithm, which provide a feasible solution to minimize energy consumption for survivable IP over WDM networks.

Simulation results

In our study, we test two example networks, which are shown in Fig. 10, including the 14-node 21-link NSFNET network and the 24-node 43-link USA backbone IP network (USNET, in short). The demands are uniformly distributed among all node pairs, and the bandwidth of connection request is uniformly distributed in the range of (1, 96). The maximum capacity of a wavelength is assumed to be 192 (i.e., OC-192). The number labeled beside each fiber link is the link length in kilometers. In this

Conclusion

In this paper, we have studied how to achieve energy efficiency for survivable IP over WDM networks against double-link failures. Different from the traditional green networking algorithms, we present the “virtual link” energy model and propose Energy-Efficient and Survivable Routing (E²SR) algorithm. The E²SR algorithm routes the connection’s working and backup paths according to energy consumption weights on the auxiliary graph model. The novelty of E²SR includes two parts: first, the

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant No. 61201129 and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University.

Xiaoning Zhang received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in communication and information engineering from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China, in 2002, 2005, and 2007, respectively. He is now an associate professor at the Key Lab of Broadband Optical Fiber Transmission and Communication Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. His research interests include network design,

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Haoran Wang received the B.S. in communication and information engineering from the Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China, in 2011. He is now pursuing the master degree at the Key Lab of Broadband Optical Fiber Transmission and Communication Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. His research interests include Internet and optical networks.

Zian Zhang received the B.S. in communication and information engineering from the Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China, in 2011. He is now pursuing the master degree at the Key Lab of Broadband Optical Fiber Transmission and Communication Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. His research interests include Internet and optical networks.

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