Elsevier

Computer Communications

Volume 148, 15 December 2019, Pages 240-249
Computer Communications

CHPC: A complex semantic-based secured approach to heritage preservation and secure IoT-based museum processes

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2019.08.001Get rights and content

Abstract

Preservation and conservation of cultural heritage artifacts are a still of high priority. Regulation of microclimate parameters such as humidity, temperature, luminosity etc. has a great effect on heritage preservation. Due to development of new technologies museum systems face the challenge of minimizing human interaction. In this paper, we propose a CHPC (Cultural Heritage Preservation and Conservation) system for automated regulation of microclimate parameters and assisting museum staff in the issues of choosing right exhibition halls for the artifacts depending on materials of items for the reasons of different store conditions, based on Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Semantic Web technologies. Typical use-cases for the system are described as well as the ways to support them. Moreover, the proposed CHPC system has to be secured since when using up-to-date technologies new threats appear. An overview of new security issues is proposed. We suggest architecture for museum system and spot on an overview of security architectural bulkhead to provide security of semantics and wireless infrastructure. Operating principles of security system are provided as well. To verify our proposal, experiments and verification tests are conducted.

Introduction

Issues related to preservation and conservation of cultural heritage objects are still vital. Regulating microclimate parameters such as temperature, relative humidity (RH), and luminosity have a great effect on heritage preservation as any deviation in such parameters may lead to destruction of artifacts’ materials. Designing and implementing an optimal microclimate control system by automated regulation of the microclimate parameters based on the standards and requirements of preservation conditions is a challenging work. Due to a number of up-to-date technologies developed at a fast-pace, museum systems face new requirements minimizing human interaction using automated techniques based on IoT and Semantic Web [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. Using microclimate control systems based on regulating devices are not new to museums, however it still lacks in automation. Due to the rapid development of sensors in smart city systems [7], sensor networks and wireless transmitters are introduced to museum infrastructure as well, nevertheless a feedback to regulate parameters based on measurements is still not introduced. To provide this, a multi-criteria analysis core based on domain model should be designed.

In addition to preservation of cultural heritage, the museum needs to store, process and transfer information on the preservation of museum facilities and the forthcoming restoration works in state organizations. Nowadays many Russian museums, as well as a number of museums outside Russia, exchange information using their own databases. In attempts of finding a solution, museum face problems of complex security of the institution. A modern museum cannot exist without protection, as well as without systems guaranteeing not only the physical preservation of museum items that require a climate control and alarm system, but also the security of information systems. It is security that can guarantee the safety of museum artifacts [8]. Gradual introduction of semantic and IoT technologies makes it possible to simplify the preservation of museum artifacts [9], [10], [11], but also opens new security threats faced not only by museums but also by other organizations using these technologies. Systems currently used in the field of safety do not meet the requirements, which can lead to loss or theft of data or the malfunction of climate control systems.

However, due to the fact of diversity of observable parameters, numerous already installed sensors and regulating devices, museum-specific policies and artifact types designing a unified system is impossible from today’s perspective. An extensible and flexible core based on adaptive processes and micro-services should be introduced to meet the needs and requirements of particular museum establishment.

Section snippets

Related works

Researches and works in the field of cultural preservation and conservation, Internet of Things, Semantic Web and the Cyber Security are not a state of art. Among the existing researches and projects, we paid greater attention to three groups.

The first group is dedicated to the intelligent systems which are used in the field of museums. MuseumFinland [12] is a system based on ontologies containing information on more than 4000 artifacts. It is represented by knowledge base containing historical

Problem statement

Museums play an important role in promoting knowledge in cultural heritage. Traditional museums have their own databases or museum information systems (MIS), which are deployed locally and visitors of web sites cannot access them. Such systems serve as electronic archives, catalogs or libraries  [41]. Most of researches in field of museums are related with augmented reality, guidance system for visitors, climate control applications, knowledge bases about the artifacts or information

Use-case analysis

Providing flexible processes and security at all levels allows complex efficiency and protection of a system using IoT and semantic technologies. A thorough museum processes analysis was conducted to identify the features that should be provided by the system. The analysis included a survey among museum employees as well as common threat detection.

Architecture of the system

Based on needs and requirements for smart museum systems, we propose a 4-layer architecture to control and regulate microclimate parameters inside the exhibition halls automatically. The architecture of the system is displayed in Fig. 2.

The first layer is a data collecting layer. Various sensors send data to GSM gateway by means of wireless technologies such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, IrDA (Infrared Data Association). Then, the data collected by gateway is transmitted to light-weight analysis and

Validation and verification

Verification and validation of prototype is a significant stage in applicability analyses when critical flaws may be found and eliminated. In order to verify and validate use-cases, test-cases are produced. During unit testing, the model was tested. A testing environment consisting of generated triple-store with data on artifacts and devices was deployed, devices were imitated by specially coded muck-ups.

Conclusion and future work

Heritage preservation and conservation are still vital especially when an emergency deviation is concerned. To prevent that, we proposed an ontology-based approach to building the systems of museum items preservation. Furthermore, security problems are concerned. Up-to-date systems are intended to deal with typical information systems, however semantics requires further investigations in the branch of security. The architecture is of security platform is described in the paper as well.

Proposed

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgment

This work is supported by the China National Natural Science Foundation (No. 61802139).

Anatoly Konev is Assistant and Ph.D. student at Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies, ITMO University, Russia, Saint Petersburg. He teaches Computer Science, Web Programming and Client–Server Technologies since 2014. His research fields are Cyber Security, Semantic Web and Internet of Things.

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  • Cited by (0)

    Anatoly Konev is Assistant and Ph.D. student at Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies, ITMO University, Russia, Saint Petersburg. He teaches Computer Science, Web Programming and Client–Server Technologies since 2014. His research fields are Cyber Security, Semantic Web and Internet of Things.

    Rezeda Khaydarova received a master degree in University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University, Russia, Saint Petersburg) in 2016. She is currently working as a Ph.D. student in University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics and doing a program as a general visiting student in HUST from March 2018 to July 2019. Her research includes the Internet of Things, Semantic Web, 5G, edge caching.

    Maxim Lapaev finished master’s and in 2017 got Ph.D. degree at the University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics of St. Petersburg, Russia. From 2015 to 2016 has been a team lead for a group of bachelor’s and master’s students on SMDA (Semantic Medical Data Analysis) project. His research includes Internet of Things, machine learning and Semantic Web. He has published over 20 works in Semantic Web applications in medical, museum and smart city applications. Currently Maksim Lapaev works as a senior software engineer in applications for intelligent energy accounting, telemetry and telemechanics.

    Luanye Feng received her Master degree in Fairleigh Dickinson University Vancouver Campus,Canada, 2017. She is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Her research focus on management based on artificial intelligence and Public management.

    Long Hu was a Visiting Student with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, from 2015 to 2017. He has been a Lecturer with the School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), China, since 2017. His research includes the Internet of Things, software defined networking, caching, 5G, body area networks, body sensor networks, and mobile cloud computing.

    Min Chen is a full professor in School of Computer Science and Technology at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) since Feb. 2012. He is the director of Embedded and Pervasive Computing (EPIC) Lab at HUST. He is Chair of IEEE Computer Society (CS) Special Technical Communities (STC) on Big Data. He was an assistant professor in School of Computer Science and Engineering at Seoul National University (SNU). He worked as a Post-Doctoral Fellow in Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at University of British Columbia (UBC) for three years. Before joining UBC, he was a Post-Doctoral Fellow at SNU for one and half years. He received Best Paper Award from QShine 2008, IEEE ICC 2012, ICST IndustrialIoT 2016, and IEEE IWCMC 2016. He serves as technical editor or associate editor for IEEE Network, Information Sciences, Information Fusion, and IEEE Access, etc. He served as a leading Guest Editor for IEEE Wireless Communications, IEEE Network, and IEEE Trans. Service Computing, etc. He is a Series Editor for IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. He is Co-Chair of IEEE ICC 2012-Communications Theory Symposium, and Co-Chair of IEEE ICC 2013-Wireless Networks Symposium. He is General Co-Chair for IEEE CIT-2012, Tridentcom 2014, Mobimedia 2015, and Tridentcom 2017. He is Keynote Speaker for CyberC 2012, Mobiquitous 2012, Cloudcomp 2015, IndustrialIoT 2016, Tridentcom 2017 and The 7th Brainstorming Workshop on 5G Wireless. He has more than 300 paper publications, including 200+ SCI papers, 80+ IEEE Trans./Journal papers, 25 ESI highly cited papers and 9 ESI hot papers. He has published eight books: OPNET IoT Simulation (2015), Big Data Inspiration (2015), 5G Software Defined Networks (2016) and Introduction to Cognitive Computing (2017) with HUST Press, Big Data: Related Technologies, Challenges and Future Prospects (2014) and Cloud Based 5G Wireless Networks (2016) with Springer, Cognitive Computing and Deep Learning (2018) with China Machine Press, and Big Data Analytics for Cloud/IoT and Cognitive Computing (2017) with Wiley. His Google Scholars Citations reached 18,000+ with an h-index of 66. His top paper was cited 2100+ times. He is an IEEE Senior Member since 2009. He was selected as Highly Cited Research at 2018. He got IEEE Communications Society Fred W. Ellersick Prize in 2017. His research focuses on cognitive computing, 5G Networks, embedded computing, wearable computing, big data analytics, robotics, machine learning, deep learning, emotion detection, IoT sensing, and mobile edge computing, etc.

    Igor Bondarenko is an associate professor at University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University, Russia, Saint Petersburg) since 1997 His research field is CAD systems, Internet of Things, Quality Management and Neural network.

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