Sensing and throughput analysis of a MU-MIMO based cognitive radio scheme for the Internet of Things

Abstract

State-of-the-art energy detection (ED) based spectrum sensing requires perfect knowledge of noise power and is vulnerable to noise uncertainty. An eigenvalue-based spectrum sensing approach performs well in such an uncertain environment, but does not mitigate the spectrum scarcity problem, which evolves with the future Internet of Things (IoT) rollout. In this paper, we propose a multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) based cognitive radio scheme for the Internet of Things (CR-IoT) with weighted-eigenvalue detection (WEVD) for the analysis of sensing, system throughput, energy efficiency and expected lifetime. In this scheme, each CR-IoT user is being equipped with MIMO antennas; we calculate the WEVD ratio, which is defined as the ratio between the difference of the maximum eigenvalue and minimum eigenvalue to the sum of the maximum eigenvalue and minimum eigenvalue. This mitigates against the spectrum scarcity problem, enhances system throughput, improves energy efficiency, prolongs expected lifetime and lowers error probability. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme; here the WEVD technique demonstrates a better detection gain and enhanced system throughput in comparison to the conventional scheme with eigenvalue based detection (EVD) and ED techniques in a noise uncertainty environment (i.e. SNR $<$ -28). Furthermore, the proposed scheme has a lower energy consumption, prolonged expected lifetime and achieves a low error probability when compared with other schemes like the conventional single-input and single-output (SISO) based CR-IoT scheme with EVD and ED spectrum sensing.