Addressing disasters in smart cities through UAVs path planning and 5G communications: A systematic review

doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2021.01.003

Computer Communications

Volume 168, 15 February 2021, Pages 114-135

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2021.01.003 Get rights and content

Abstract

UAVs are increasingly incorporated in a wide range of domains such as disaster management and rescue missions. UAV path planning deals with finding the most optimal or shortest path for UAVs such that minimum energy and resources are utilized. This paper examines the path planning algorithms for UAVs through a literature survey conducted on 139 systematically retrieved articles published in the last decade that are narrowed down to 36 highly relevant articles. As retrieved from the shortlisted articles, the path planning algorithms include RRT, Artificial Potential, Voronoi, D-Star, A-Star, Dijkstra, MILP, Neural Network, Ant Colony Optimization, and Particle Swarm Optimization that are classified into four main types: Model-based, Conventional, Learning-based, and Cell-based. Most of the disaster-related articles are focused on the post-disaster phase only and use conventional and learning-based algorithms with applications to localize victims and optimize paths. Regarding the UAV communication network (UAVCN), the key challenges are communication issues, resource allocation, UAV deployment, defining UAV trajectory, and content security. UAV path planning’s key barriers are path optimization, path completeness, optimality, efficiency, and achieving robustness. Accordingly, a holistic IoT-powered UAV-based smart city management system has been recommended in the current study where all the smart city key components are integrated to address disasters like floods, earthquakes, and bush fire. The proposed holistic system can help prepare for disasters and mitigate them as soon as these arise and help enhance the smart city governance.

Section snippets

Introduction and background

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), also known as pilotless aircraft, operate through the essential components, including the actual UAV, a ground controller, and a communication platform that connects the two [1], [2], [3]. UAVs are preferred to perform missions in dangerous and congested areas that pose a threat to human life. In the past UAV-based systems have been designed and used specifically to aid military operations and rescue applications [4], [5]. Such applications include surveillance,

Review methodology

A systematic literature review is conducted by following a well-defined process to retrieve articles most relevant to this research’s scope in line with the recent studies [60], [61], [78], [79]. Fig. 3 shows each step of the methodology adopted for this review, where the corresponding number of articles retrieved or retained at the end of each step is illustrated. This methodology has four main stages: article retrieval, screening, content analysis, and categorization. Each of these stages has

Results and discussion

As discussed in the method section, the google trends are first observed for the search strings used in the current study. Accordingly, Fig. 6 shows the comparison of the four key search strings used in the current study: UAV path planning, UAV disaster management, UAV communication networks, and UAV smart city. The trends are observed and compared using the google trend plugin that is restricted to search queries since 2010 in line with the current study’s study period. Fig. 6 shows a spike in

Conclusion and future prospects

The estimated market for UAVs will reach a significant figure of $20 billion by the year 2022. The current study reviewed the literature focused on UAV path planning, its application in disaster management, and communication networks for managing smart cities. The retrieved literature highlights a considerable number of algorithms that have been used for improving path planning in UAVs and managing the communication networks using UAVs. However, there is still a long way to go before the

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Zakria Qadir: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Fahim Ullah: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Hafiz Suliman Munawar: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology,

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Addressing disasters in smart cities through UAVs path planning and 5G communications: A systematic review

Abstract

Section snippets

Introduction and background

Review methodology

Results and discussion

Conclusion and future prospects

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Declaration of Competing Interest

Funding

Prog. Disaster Sci.

Comput. Commun.

Digit. Investig.

Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul.

Comput. Commun.

Comput. Electr. Eng.

Comput. Netw.

Robot. Auton. Syst.

IEEE Commun. Mag.

Appl. Soft Comput.

Knowl.-Based Syst.

Future Gener. Comput. Syst.

Sustainable Cities Soc.

Neural Netw.

Appl. Soft Comput.

Autom. Constr.

Aerosp. Sci. Technol.

Applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in smart cities

Comput. Commun.

A survey of prototype and experiment for UAV communications

Energy-efficient task scheduling and physiological assessment in disaster management using UAV-assisted networks

Comput. Commun.

Potential applications of unmanned ground and aerial vehicles to mitigate challenges of transport and logistics-related critical success factors in the humanitarian supply chain

Asian J. Sustainability Soc. Responsib.

Self-organization as a supporting paradigm for military UAV relay networks

IEEE Commun. Lett.

UAV Communications for 5g and beyond: Recent advances and future trends

IEEE Internet Things J.

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Sustainability

Analyzing the threat of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to nuclear facilities

Secur. J.

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Mach. Vis. Inspect. Syst.: Image Process. Concepts Methodol. Appl.

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Mach. Vis. Inspect. Syst.: Image Process. Concepts Methodol. Appl.

Smart governance for smart cities

Proc. IEEE

Novel bioinspired approach based on chaotic dynamics for robot patrolling missions with adversaries

Entropy

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Defence Sci. J.

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IEEE Internet Comput.

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IEEE Wirel. Commun.

6g wireless systems: A vision, architectural elements, and future directions

IEEE Access

UAV-Enabled data acquisition scheme with directional wireless energy transfer for internet of things

Comput. Commun.

Multi-comm-core architecture for terabit-per-second wireless

IEEE Commun. Mag.

Enhancing spectral-energy efficiency forlte-advanced heterogeneous networks: a users social pattern perspective

IEEE Wirel. Commun.

Energy minimization for wireless communication with rotary-wing UAV

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

Distributed and multilayer UAV networks for next-generation wireless communication and power transfer: A feasibility study

IEEE Internet Things J.

Reconfigurable origami antennas: A review of the existing technology and its future prospects

Int. J. Wirel. Microw. Technol.

Applications of leaky-wave antennas: A review

Int. J. Wirel. Microw. Technol.

An overview of reconfigurable antennas for wireless body area networks and possible future prospects

Int. J. Wirel. Microw. Technol.

Enhanced medium access for traffic management in smart-cities’ vehicular-cloud

IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Mag.

Wireless monitoring of ECG signal in infants using SWM and DWT techniques

Internet of things (IoT) and agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in smart farming: A comprehensive review

Internet Things

P.ions of UAV swarm ranganathan, s. Faruque, a review and future directcommunication architectures